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Colloquium Lecture: March 18-28, Jinan City, Shandong University, Department of Anthropology.




2/16: I went to see Andrey about getting a visa to China. Same person from whom I get my Russian visas. I handed him the paperwork with a required letter from Dan Farber, ERG Chair at Berkeley, stating as per the visa instructions that I was a man of “means and would not become a dependent upon the Chinese Government”. Next, lunch. I required a photo for the Chinese consulate, so we stopped in at a pharmacy along the way. Behind the counter, a clerk positioned me, asking me to sit back, etc, acting quite professional and then, snap. But the photo was a mess. I have returned to my berkeley daze. We (Store Clerk, Andrey and I) had a good laugh with me pointing out that I had a horn coming out of my head, hair just gathering to a point, looking unicorn-like.

Funny thing — that was after having lunch, we stopped by the pharmacy again to pick up the now developed photos — wouldn’t you know it, the clerk photo-shopped my horn away. “I got rid of your horn”, he says. We had another good laugh all around.

2/10: I will provide a version of my presentation to ERG climate lab, March 5. ERGies always offer fabulous feedback. The lecture has three parts, first, focusing on my research partners and why they exist; second, the analytics and ethnography of my research, and; third, the implications for carrying out this kind of research in China, empirically and analytically.












Putting together a paper on my Skolkovo experience. Prospecting here, starting to think out loud, in a casual way, how to approach expertise and government sponsored innovation in Russia.
















A workshop organized by Hannah Appel, on the occasion of putting together a co-edited volume by Michael Watts and myself, with fifteen contributors, all gathering in New York at Columbia, to chew the fat.













2/2: What a great trip! We are just a few hours from docking back in Tromso, having completed student poster presentations, mentor evaluations of the presentations and student evaluations of the mentors. Everyone is packed up with their luggage ready to go.

The final presentations were were mock proposals, requests for funds from the Norwegian Research Council. Each project was multidisciplinary and having to do with oil development in the Arctic, following the theme of Arctic Frontiers. Students were mainly PhD candidates and MA students, chosen from various countries including India, Finland, Russia, USA, UK, Germany, Norway, Canada, Sweden, Italy.

There is always a sentimental feeling at the end of such gatherings, a kind of lingering around so to speak. And here, Stig Falk Petersen, project leader, gave such a poignant few sentences, suggesting that members of the group most likely would probably never meet up with each other again but that we had this time together and that was what it is. Here is a sampling of the song/presentation combo. The singer is political scientist from Russia, Julia Skupchenko, and the guitarist is statistitian from Barcelona, originally from South Africa, Michael Greenacre.



Svolvaer is one of the most beautiful places I have visited in my travels. We walked to the end of the cape, passed the fish drying stilts, and manage to laugh about everything on our minds and in our hearts.





1/30: Spending lunch in different places. Working, reading, talking…. Here, we are visiting the Norwegian Coastal Administration Office and getting a dose of how the coast of Norway is managed. What a fabulous presentation, including a discussion in how the government dammed an entire inlet for dredging purposes. Incredible. Great lunch too. There were rolls with shrimp, roastbeef and ham.



















Karen Andreassen, U. Tromso glaciologist and Arctos mentor. What a great lady! Karen and I had such a good time chatting away, living off each others words so to speak. We met each other in Murmansk, Russia, last year at the Norwegian Research Council (NRC) sponsored Norwegian-Russian offshore oil and gas workshop, led up by NRC’s Siri Helleman and Russian Academy scientist, Vladimir Pavlenko. In this photo, Karen is shown identifying the various participants of that meeting for my notes.
















1/29: We headed to church for a crazy folk concert that I have to get the details on. What a trip. It was in one of Norway’s largest wooden churches, and part of the extensive cultural program in the course. In this video, I went for the organ music, but in fact, the majority of the recital was made up of vocals of a middle aged bard, with whom everyone in the audience seemed to be quite familiar with, and on several occasions sang along with the lyrics.




We went to the candle factory today for lunch. On my previous trip to Svolvaer, I remember this visit fondly, spending quality time as I was with anthropologist, Carly McLafferty Dokis. It is a long and beautiful drive, followed by a tour of the local art gallery, and after lunch, we hit the aquarium along with other things…




Cramming in so many activities, I can only refer to them by photograph…. The weather was fabulous. In between the cultural activities, we got a chance to exchange presentatations. St. Petersburg State University’s Yulia Smirnova, for example, gave a great talk on Polar Lows, that create all kinds of strange weather patterns, threatening off-shore platforms….






1/28: Having dinner together down in Svolvaer. Here is the mentor’s table…



That’s Michael Greenacre on the right, consumate muscian and statistician from Barcelona. He is chatting with U. Tromso Glaciologist Karin Andreassen, behind her is Stig Falk Petersen, the chief of the operation, and U. Tromso Professor, across from him is Akvaplan-Niva’s Paul Renaud…




And at the student tables… well let’s see…. There’s Ms. Polar Lows herself, Yulia Smirnova, up front on the left, sitting across from Murmansk University biologist, Sofia Afoncheva.

…And behind Yulia is U. Tromso’s gas hydrate master, originally from India, Sunil Vadakkepuliyambatta, and behind him is Canadian newly minted PhD, now working for Government of Canada’s Off-Shore regulatory division, Candace Newman.








Oh Gosh, and here on the left we have Fabio Buansanti, and behind him is the lovely Nadezhda Filimonova, working on arctic gas development in the Barents Sea of all things, right in our back yard…




On the steamship down to Svolvaer we gave talks and went on walks during stops…



1/27: enroute to Svolvaer, just finished my presentation on the boat and I thought it went pretty well. Folks seemed to like it.

Several years ago, I went on this voyage and thought I would never get a chance to go again, but here I am. It is such an amazing privilege and so interesting. We are basically floating along the inside passage on the Hurtingurter Steamship line, talking, eating, sleeping.

We got on board late last night, at around midnight, and the boat departed at 1:30AM





The Scientists…





The view from my window just before departing…




12/28: I have been invited to serve as social science mentor on the PhD field program associated with University of Tromso Arctic Marine Network. We leave Tromso, Norway, by boat and head down to the artist community of Lofoton where we hash out our new science ideas. This is an ideal location and group of folks to plan out new coupled-systems research in the Arctic, especially on issues of oil and gas development, and I plan to provide details.

















Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu








1/27: I had the opportunity of sitting in one more time on the U. Tromso, Dept. of Anthropology colloquium, hearing a presentation on Murmansk Saami ideological distance between indigenous culture and pragmatic life.

Last night was, well, a total blast. I joined up with my forum playmate Torild Nissen-Lie and co-keynote speaking wonder Emma Wilson, hanging out at the Rica for drinks and dinner. Bumped into another DNV heavy, Bradd Libby, who of all things is doing nearly the same project I am doing, but from an industry perspective, assessing how individual leaders influence the debate.



This is Bradd approaching his crab while Torild has one hand on a drink ticket at the Rica. After all said and done, Torild and I scrambled up to the second floor for a final few drinks and chat before waving a fond farewell to each other.





1/26: Thursday. Political economy of oil and gas development in the North. Peter Abo’s talk was perhaps the most relevant to my current thought yesterday morning, on the limited approaches management to oil and gas development in the North.


That’s Emma on stage providing a fabulous job, giving her rendition on dialogue. The evening before, we had dinner at the theater, where I caught up with Nora Hveding Bergseth, ENI Norge R & D Coordinator. She was previously on the board of Directors for the Barents 2020 grant fund, where U. Tromso recently submitted a grant on my behalf, so I tried to press the flesh so to speak, giving it a lift.

Here’s Torild interested in a poster session, holding a glass of vino.


And of course, it’s all about networking, or rather, mingling. Ao I met gobs of people, some I knew, such as the blast from the past, Jen Baesman, who runs APECS, Assoc. of Polar Early Career Scientists, and others entirely new, such as, well… Torild Nissen-Lie, Head of Environmental Risk Assessment of DNV, chatting with non-stop till closing.




Attended the reception last night at the ConocoPhillips suite in the Radisson. A good way to start the evening… They’ve been doing the reception for a while, as part of the ARCTOS network, ushering in the beginning of the Svolvaer Young Scientsts Forum….

1/24: Here we go. Second day at the Arctic Frontiers. And the chair is Elena Kudryashova, Rector of Northern Arctic Federal University in Arkhangelsk, who provided me with a support letter for the NSF project, via Marina Kalinina, who I just bumped into in the hallway….

Oh my lord! There’s Elisabeth Harstad, Managing Director, DNV Research and Innovation, who I met at UC Berkeley as part of the CO2 workshop last year. She’s talking about combining Norwegian Off-Shore and Russian On-Shore experience and create synergies.

I’ve got to get involved in these workshops that Elisabeth is talking about:

Yesterday evening, we all headed over to dinner at the Radisson BLU. Here are a few speakers. Notice how ConocoP sponsor talks quite specifically — a contrast to the lightness of speeches that precede and directly follow:






1/23: At the opening of the conference Jarle Aarbakke, Rector of University of Tromsø & Salve Dahle, Chairman of Steering committee of Arctic Frontiers just completed welcoming everyone here, talking about oil and gas development and how important U. Tromso has been over the past 40 years since its inception to critical understandings in Norway. Now here comes Laila Susanne Vars, Vice President in The Norwegian Saami Parliament is speaking now, giving an address to Arctic Frontiers, speaking in Norwegian, without English translation, so I’m tuned into the Russian translation. Talking about the development of resources and the partners between industry and government.

Thomas B. Johansson, Co-Chair, Global Energy Assessment and prof. at Lund. He’s up now “setting the scene” on global energy outlook and the Arctic. Pretty good stuff really, talking about the erosion of the natural capital, and the continued dearth of providing energy to the 7 to 9 billions by 2050 who are looking for modern forms of energy, affordable, healthy, and somehow avoiding continued climate change requiring major energy system change. And thinking about how to do this timely and without disruption.

Such changes bring lesser values to private investments. How to create conditions for private industry that are good for the world. Talking now about global emission pathways could be in compliance with 2 percent but only 67 percent probability. Okay — finally, we’re talking about energy consumption. The PassivHaus, to create lower space heating demands.

Mike Entenza, Minnesota Governor’s aide, talking about global warming. We had a productive chat yesterday, sitting next to each other at the main performance by Saami dancers.


1/10: Working with Emma Wilson, Senior Policy Advisor, International Institute for Environment and Development, UK, to provide a Key Note Address at the Arctic Frontiers conference in Norway this January.





























Emma seen here seated across from UC Berkeley’s Kathy and Nelson Graburn at the ICASS meeting in Akureyri, Iceland, this past summer.



Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu





1/21: London was fabulous. I met with Michael Hafner at Deutsche Bank, which was really instructive. He provided me with some materials to consider, in expectation of my moving to London to carry out an internship on oil and gas finance. So I’ve been reading those materials as I took the tube today over to Heathrow and to Oslo, where I am now.



I had a great lunch with Ben Monaghan from JP Morgan, and then later met up with Francis Gugen, at the Lanesborough, which was really instrumental.

There are so many things I should have written. Oh Well. Let me begin from the end. On the last day, Friday, I went over to IIED, since Emma had by that time left for Tromso. I was grateful to have a place to park myself in London, and everyone at IIED was so sweet to me. At first, I thought my meeting with M. Hafner was at 11AM, and I only arrived at IIED at 11AM. Luckily, the meeting wasn’t even scheduled, and we set it for 4PM that day. Who knows what I did between that time and when I was ready to go. But I really came to appreciate the space that Emma works in, especially since it’s located on Grays Inn Road, with plenty of great eateries.

I took the tube from Chancery station to Bank street and then immediately got lost looking for 1 Great Winchester Street.

A fellow tourist, had a detailed map and I found myself in the right direction. Downtown, the financial section of London is fabulously intricate, beautiful, and the buildings are stunning. At Deutsche Bank, there were art works everywhere.

In fact, I suppose, but I did not know this previously, that the Bank is well known for its art collections, having published several books and brochures which were handed to me upon my arrival. They even have a special curatorial floor, with real curators.

And if that isn’t enough, one of the secretaries (?) administrative assistants, actually gave me a detailed description of the contemporary methods for the art pieces on the Hafner’s floor. And here I’m not talking about a simple description. The language she used, the flow of narration, and the multiple pieces that she described (a language unfortunately, I should have noted, but will come to me after my morning coffee) was straight out of an MA in fine arts program degree. And she was wearing a “uniform” of a secretary. Amazing.

Michael Hafner was totally cool. We had met the year before in Oslo at the Oslo Energy Forum. I was pretty straight forward with him, suggesting that I wanted an internship so that I could learn more about how financing of multibillion dollar projects moves forward. He pretty much went through the different aspects of the job, capital expenditures, commodity sales, pre-project development, financing, all pretty much interesting stuff.

I told him that would read the materials and get back to him.


Well, from there I rushed over to the Bulgarian embassy near Kensington Gardens to partake in Bulgarian Dancing. I had discovered the week before that a Bulgarian group meet Thursday and Friday evenings and since I dance on Fridays with Antika Bulgaria, I wanted to check them out. I had gone the night before and was intrigued especially, since I was told that Friday night would be choreographed by Martin Spasov. Wow. what a total trip. I include here two videos that I took of the night’s rehearsal:

In this scene, the women begin with a contemporary-traditional dance that is interrupted by men who perform an aestheticized-traditional dance. Humorous and a parody of its own existence, the originality of these two styles clash and together drive the performance forward.

In this scene Martin Spasov directs the dancers through his choreography. Then, with music, the actual performance begins. As an American consumer, I was delighted and fascinated. Afterward, we all went for a beer at the pub. That was a lot of fun. I got to know the dancers, and several of them had spent some time in the USA and even knew a few folks from Antika.

Lili, one the dancers in particular, and I had a conversation while walking to the subway, where she explained having lived in London 12 years. Wow. I explained my own work and stated that I would be back in March.

 
1/18: chilly and rainy. sitting in Euston station having a coffee, not much different from how I begin the day anywhere else in the world. The only difference of course, is that I battled through the crowds this morning from Emma’s flat through the tube to down town.

Londoners are gregarious. Yesterday while having a coffee I had the chance to chat with Sofie Howarth, who is writing a book about community outreach, I believe, and who after hearing about my work, suggested I contact her brother who works in energy financing, straight away giving me his email address. Back at iied, we worked till about 7:30PM and headed back to a pub for steak and ale, afterward catching a margarita in a local bar near Emma’s where it’s open mic night every evening.

Today, I’m headed to iied, and then around 2PM going over to meet Robert Gugen. Afterward heading over to Energy Institute.


From iied to The Lanesborough at Hyde Park Corner:

From the Lanes Borough to the Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish:



1/17: My first day in London, spending the afternoon at iied (International Institute for Environment and Development). Gosh, how can I explain everything, what a different planet from Berkeley. I am a complete neophyte to the world. I picked up one their brochures and must have read it three times and even then didn’t quite understand everything. So sophisticated!

The folks here are v. polite and considerate. I have a little desk space, and my mate opposite me is Abbi Buxton, with an MA from LSE and works on value chains. In fact, I just spent the last 20 minutes talking in a confusing fashion, exited and rapidly,  about my reaction to her recently written policy brief titled, Under what conditions are value changes effective tools for pro-poor development?

I was so enthusiastic, but perhaps it was the caffeine from the double-triple shot latte I ordered to keep me awake, since it’s about 7AM west coast time, having just got off the plane several hours before, trodding through London’s tube from Heathrow aiprot over to Chancery St., to iied’s beautifully renovated 5 story building, where down the street there are lovely luncheons, and coffee shops.

Emma Wilson, who also works here as a senior member of the IIED’s sustainable Markets Group is a friend, whose work I admire very much. And I say this, because a lot of times when I blog about a particular site, my thoughts can get misunderstood, and in fact, sometimes, people become enraged with the things I say, even though I am attempting always my best at capturing what I believe is the empirically correct version of my observation.

A few things caught my attention immediately — there are no private offices on the floors, and one result is that everyone whispers when they speak to each other, privacy is created by low talking, and at the same time, I must say, I am VERY much interested in what people are saying in low tones, so much so, that I even went so far as to comment to one of the researchers about her use of the phrase “I will put that on my top priority” — we had a good laugh, although, not a loud one, over my comment that in the good ol’e US of A, the very use of that phrase means the exact opposite.

I should say, however, when I arrived at lunch time in the cafe downstairs, there was quite bustle with folks laughing and talking, exchanging ideas, I immediately felt at home.




































1/15: Itinerary










































1/11: Turning my attention now to what is at hand:

  • Working with Emma Wilson, Senior Researcher at IIED, on a keynote presentation for Arctic Frontiers in Norway. We went through several drafts and it’s still up in the air. Will work with her when I arrive.
  • Francis Robert Gugen, runs Gugen Consulting suggests we meet in the drawing room of the Lanesborough hotel, on Hyde Park Corner on Wednesday, January, 18 at 15:30. We met at Oslo Energy Forum. His world is populated by CEOs of oil and gas companies, who serve with him on various advisory panels that oversee global investment in natural resource development. One such group is Barclays Natural Resource Investment or BNRI, which has committed nearly $2 billion in 18 projects. Mr. Gugen is also a Chairperson for the Board of Directors of Petroleum Geo-Services, a Norwegian concern that focuses on data acquisition, analysis and interpretation. On their website, they state: “We help oil companies to find oil and gas reserves offshore worldwide”. PGS provides a MultiClient Library defined by 400,000 square kilometers of “high quality worldwide” three-dimensional seismic data. In addition, PGS has integrated third party data [?] to create what they call the PGS MegaSurvey offering contiguous 3D coverage in key basins. The Barents Sea MegaProject, is one example.
  • Ben Monaghan, at the JP Morgan Office located on 10 Aldermanbury on Thursday, January, 19 at 12:00. The message I received stated “Ben would like to invite you to lunch at our office on that day”. Another fellow from Oslo Energy Forum. (A few images on this building came from  John Elkington, who writes in London on global capitalism and sustainability. I’ve sent him an email to see if we could meet up.) B. Morgan is Managing Director, Head of EMEA Oil and Gas. The Acronym stands for Europe, Middle East, and Africa. Quite a region. He was quoted most recently by Financial Times journalist, Anousha Sakoui, on the topic of Atlantic off-shore development in Africa: “Given the global reserve replacement pressures on the oil majors, Africa is a region where they can deploy differentiated exploration and project management capability,” says Ben Monaghan, head of Europe, Middle East and Africa oil and gas at JPMorgan in London. “The sheer scale of the exploration opportunity in Africa makes it compelling for resource-hungry oil majors. Positions in Brazil transformed the equity story of those companies who saw the potential first. Companies are looking to replicate this now in east and west Africa.” – So in fact, while Ben is head EMEA he is also familiar, for comparative reasons, goings on outside his region.
  • Thursday, 3PM, arranged to meet with organizers, Katie Crabb, at Energy Institute, to see how they do what they do.
  • Terry McAllister, The Guardian, Thursday Evening, January 19th, for a beer.
  • Michael Hafner, Head of Energy for EMEA at Deutsche Bank, Winchester House, 1 Great Winchester Street, on 11 AM Friday January 20. In Oslo earlier this year, I met with Edward Chandler, Chairman, Global Corporate Finance. He directed me to Michael Hafner.
  • Brad Corson, Chairman and Production Director at ExxonMobil, who I met last year at the Olso Energy Forum forwarded my email to  Robert Lanyon, Public and Government Affairs Manager , and waiting to hear back. Sent Rober a bunch of materials. But no response.
  • I want to stop by Wood Mackenzie Global Consultants to check out, at least that building. Here’s the address from their website: 

Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu























































So many details I fail to mention about Antika Bulgaria, the dance troupe under the artistic direction of Tanya Kostova. In this video, I attempted to capture the fleeting phenomena of gestures as Tanya prepares everyone for the program which will take place on stage momentarily.



























We meet on Fridays. My Bulgarian language skills are quite bad. And that is a good thing, since all I have to do is follow along by mimicry.

























Koleda means Christmas in Bulgarian. This Christmas, we sang and performed at two events. A roadhouse in Danville, and a church on Fell street in San Francisco.






















































My mind never stops thinking about my work. All of the idiotic ideas that seem to be intelligent before I arrive on Fridays, when we dance, seem to filter out of my head and I realize, through syncronicity, what’s left of value.


















In this final clip, we see a focus no longer on speech as the guiding form for organizing the scene, but in fact hand gesture becomes prominent in last minute details.











…has a Potluck Art Series, second Thursday of every other month.























































































































































































































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still holding on to keys of romance































In Blue Velvet, film director David Lynch sets a colored fabric (blue velvet) — and a song about nostalgia over lost love — amid a wild set of images that portray sexual passion, mother-child bonds, and psychopathic behavior.



































































The Blue Carpet at this year’s St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (“Russia’s Davos”) framed the Entrance Steps for a variety of flamboyant performances. Business men, photographers, journalists, conference personnel, an anthropologist, politicians, within a moment of lightening passed through this space igniting a sensory experience and thus, a sensible experience.

Like the movie Blue Velvet, the steps set a colored fabric (blue carpet) — and an entrance to a conference — amid a fleeting phenomena of images that portray Russian political and economic power — eroticized “flamboyance”, ostentatious self-representation, fashion and elites.












































































































































































































































































































































































Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu

Arild Moe























































Above, in the photograph, seated on the left, is Jonathan Stern, with one arm crossed and fingers touching his lips –contemplating the expert commentary of the man holding the microphone – Arild Moe.


Both men are gurus of Russian natural gas development. They are analysts who have known each other — been working with each other — forever. Jonathan, about whom I write in a separate blog, see below, is Director of the Oxford Energy Institute, London. Arild is Deputy Director and Senior Research Fellow, and some say — soon to be Director — at the Norwegian think tank, Fridtjof Nansen Institute, located just outside Oslo, in Lysaker.


I had the opportunity of visiting with Arild at his digs on the outskirts of Oslo, and I’m going to write about our meeting now. In fact, on the heels of that discussion, a few weeks later, while in Houston, attending a dinner at the home of the Royal Norwegian Consulate General, Jostein Mukletun, Ph.D., — his gracious wife Sonia Mykletun (pronounced: moo-kle-TOON), who has been running the Fulbright Scholarship in Norway for some years now, invited me then and there to apply for the Arctic Chair.





The Marvelous Sonia Mykletun, creator of the Norwegian Fulbright Arctic Chair (notice in this image, the size of artwork in the background — forms of distinction making up the time and space experience of diplomatic life — a time-piece Sonia wears, increasingly rare — and seating arrangments, in pairs, facing each other, intensifying face-to-face contact).






In support of the Fulbright application, and as I said, falling on the heels of Arild’s and my unique discussion in Lysaker, Dr. Arild Moe was kind enough to provide me with a support letter for my research in hopes of nailing down the Fulbright award. Of course, at StudioPolar we love to capture the imponderabilia — the little details of events among “high rollers” — as a Calgarian friend likes to refer to such folks, and so I post the letter here as an artifact of Guru Power, pure and simple.






























No. 1 — On to Lysaker



Okay, where were we? Oh, right. Visiting the Chalet in Lysaker… Yes. As I was mentioning, I was in Oslo, holed up inside a Hotel near the main square, Rica G 20. There’s an aura about the place…




G 20
















For some hours, perhaps days, I lay on my back, with hands crossed over my chest, in the pine-wood coffin position. An idea came to me quite suddenly, without advanced warning, to get up and telephone Arild off-the-cuff — to inquire whether we might meet. In truth, we had not spoken before, though, I did send him a detailed email to which he did not respond. Also, I did see him from a distance… the previous summer at the Petrosam workshop in Oslo, organized by Econ Pöyry, the “Nordic branch” of the global consulting company Pöyry Plc. The photos above, of Arild and Jonathan Stern, talking about changes to the European gas industry, were taken at Petrosam.


Luckily, Arild invited me for lunch at the institute the very next day, about 30 minutes from downtown Oslo by public transportation.


I hung up the phone receiver and after a few moments, returned to my reclining position. There, I went over the exchange on the telephone. My name, academic affiliation and statements of having received US Science Foundation support to study intermediaries (consultants) involved in natural gas development in the Norwegian-Russian Arctic.

The information caught the attention of my listener. I finished the introduction and waited, silently, perhaps several seconds, and then, began again, this time, haltingly, with gaps and pauses:


I study intermediary actors…they… They’re successful — in mobilizing expectations among the energy industry’s upstream and downstream communities…. [pause] … And. The complexity and erratic business of gas development in the Arctic… It’s created an economic niche for intermediaries who educate leaders about these spaces of uncertainty.”

And then with increasing rapidity: “And despite the growing importance of intermediaries not much is known about this form of expertise as it relates to Norwegian-Russian Arctic gas development, the precise characteristics of knowledge produced, the kind of influence they exert, or their role in influencing the European gas industry.”


There was a great deal of silence after I spoke, as if Arild was going over the sentences in his mind, rolling them and wondering what’s next, not knowing what my specific request would be. It’s a meeting. To Meet. An invitation To Discuss an Idea.

Arild is calm and quiet spoken. There was not much response really. We exchanged emails so that he could send me specific instructions — which train to take, the need to transfer to a bus, and to walk 10 minutes — in order to arrive at the institute. He ended the conversation abruptly but quietly with the words, “look forward to seeing you tomorrow”.











The soul of a train station: The platform. The feel of time clicking with an almost atomic-clock precision. Every second of delay in arrival and departure schedules reverberates of total banality. And still, a heightened sense of expectation remains over a threshold of departure.









The clock on the platform warning of my late arrival.




Late March and still snow on the outskirts of Oslo.

The institute is located away from a main thoroughfare, in the woods. Walking up toward the driveway, I pass palatial homes, courtyards, fences with electronic security, distance between residences are wide. The neighborhood reminds me of where ambassadors live, or where embassies are located.















I walked along the road continuing past the homes for 10 minutes, just like Arild mentions over the telephone, and conscious now, that I am no longer in a city — where city sounds are now replaced by my breathing and tromping over snow and gravel. There, sooner than I expect, but certainly time enough, the institute takes form, and finally the entrance.























resepsjon





The door opens and I am shown into the reception room. I did not inquire into the history of the building, where the institute carries out its operations.










I was announced — and invited to explore the interior while waiting for Arild….











No. 2 — Interiors



The work of hands.


Imagine entering into a room, and noticing suddenly — without picturing even the outline of a face, the presence of a person — through the image of a type of work they accomplish. In this case, someone earns a living by laying out in an orderly fashion, a stack of newspapers, as one of their daily tasks.



Imagine again selecting one journal, to read. Or flipping through another, and still yet another. Nevertheless, within some shortened period of time, perhaps over the next half-an-hour, each paper that is disrupted, is returned to the table, placed back into an orderly fashion.








Here, as with several offices I visted in Oslo, I became aware that this particular task, of ordering the newspapers daily (hourly), is a vanishing movement, soon to enter into the dustbin of discarded historical practice, forgotten, perhaps without nostalgia. It is a reminder of what remains of an earlier time but that still takes place somewhere as part of someone’s present.


There, the newspapers lay, simply and elegantly.


By its appearances, the building of the Fridtjof Nansen Institute looked to have been built at the turn of the 20th century. The ground floor, at the entrance, there is a spacious hall, a living room with a fireplace, and natural light streaming through long vertical windows. The rooms are laden with dark wooden trim, wooden floors, and banisters.



My first thought from glancing at these rooms was of a nightclub in San Francisco, the Red Devil Lounge.




But also of a dwelling for rock bands of the 1960s, in the Haight-Ashbury area of San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, the residences of Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin– with plaster mold busts of famous heads staring out from the corners of the room and occupants slipping on pogo boots, moving their lips in repetition of the lyrics of songs. Who uses a fireplace to keep warm these days?




It was a space of science, belonging perhaps to a former century.








What a contrast to the spaces of Norwegian think tanks located in downtown Oslo, housed in ulta, ultra modern settings.














Lunchtime takes place at the same hour every day, and staff move tables into position in the main room, where everyone sits together. One staffer provides fresh cut fruit. I noticed all of this, but did not participate, as Arild invited me into the smoking room, for a tete-a-tete so to speak.






















No. 3 — tête-à-tête …



Now seated facing each other, with the door to the main room closed, I produced from a worn manila folder, a small, shiny 8″ x 11″ hand out, which I placed on the table and slid to Arild. He looked over the hand out, and I stated in rapid low tones all the necessary details of my research. My fanaticism for the idea. Dispassionate ambivalence combined together with a low intensity of speech, as if delivering an incantation.






Arild held the sheet of paper presenting such details as they pertain to the North American Arctic, and began, in a deliberate manner, to compare themes he recognized between gas development in the Shtokman case, of the Russian Barents Sea area, and the Alaska gas play, on the North Slope.



Oil paintings and wall murals figure prominantly at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute. Each room has a theme. In the dining area, a long table suitable for serving over 20 persons is flanked by painted walls on three sides, depicting medieval Scandinavian themes — lords in gallant dress mounted upon horses, children with mothers holding hands, on-lookers, young adults, and elderly masters.










































In the main drawing room, the image of communitas associated with the dining area– consistent with the carnivalesque period of the medieval era — is thoroughly left behind and instead, replaced by a period of the early modern. Here, the boroque is at work, with its stern Christian ethic and separation of the classes.








I want to compare these wall images now, for a moment –


I want to compare these Work Place Images saturated as they are, with an intensity of cultural form and temporal depth – to compare them with the image that hangs beside the Night Porter at Rica G20. At my hotel, downtown, away from the detached and cloistered natural environment of Lysaker (a workspace of the leisure class), the porter has his very own wall image, an object of representation for him of his surroundings. This image is saturated also with temporal significance, that of urban time – of train schedules, delays, departures, the platform, labor shifts, and of course, money (i.e., quantifiable qualities as expressions of value) — all consolidated in the image of the Wall Clock. Here, mimicry of gesture and formalism are absent — there is no image of gallantry or thrift through which one can identify and model behavior — as is associated at Fridtjof Nansen Institute. The Wall Clock, offers a form of mimicry according to which only time-space discipline is the theme.























Presidential Timber.

In the room where Arild and I met, I sat directly in front of an image of a man, who stood directly as an image of a tree. Staring at me from Arild’s vantage point, was an image of an early 20th century Scandinavian modern gracing my presence, in imitation of a fir tree.




















Arild presented a list of ideas:

  • In Russia, power is still centralized where decisions are negotiated in secret (versus in D.C. where decisions are dependent up on three forms – judicial, legislative, executive). From this perspective, the questions that arise surrounding Shtokman do not concern how decisions are made, but when decisions are made.
  •  The logic of Shtokman is less concrete than the case for the pipeline in Alaska. Issues concerning arctic offshore in Russia are broader and much more vague. In Alaska, the controversies and issues are fairly concrete. There is a lot of data surrounding pipes, numbers, completion dates, volumes, etc.
  • For these reasons above, there is much more uncertainty on Shtokman, and that this uncertainty exists in an earlier state than the Alaska case. Essentially, the Alaska case represents a project located at an entirely different stage of temporality than the Shtokman project.
  • In this sense, expertise, an issue that my research is about, expertise in Russia, is primarily concerned with the technical and geological. The Russian research institutes are focused with a clear sense of purpose on this point.

Now, here, is where I had to interject and ask about this last point. If it is true that issues are technical, then what do we make of all the talk by people like Jonathan Stern and Arild himself, on these projects, the sense of expectation etc.?

  • We diverted the question to discuss Global Russians, which I had discovered the previous summer from the St. Petersburg Economic Forum, wherein Russians with education from abroad had returned to Moscow and are now working with western financial firms, and providing assessments of the Shtokman project. According to Arild, they have few links and knowledge about the past. That is to say, the overarching decisions are still made by members of the older nomenklatura, all the strategic decisions are their decisions.










Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu

Slow Club no. 12









no. 12






















































Slow Club no. 13













Slow Club No. 13 …
















Slow Club






No. 13





















































































































































































































































































































No. 13





























































Alex staging plaque


























I find myself fascinated by the crypto-symbolism of sense making created by Cambridge Energy Research Associates or CERA. As many of you know, CERA is an energy consulting firm and global leader in providing advisory knowledge to decision makers on energy development. It is headed up by the charismatic energy guru Daniel Yergin. I first met Dr. Yergin while working as an energy lobbyist under Alaska Governor Tony Knowles. But that’s another story. CERA has 11 offices across the world so whenever we visit a destination with a CERA office we like to check in.

In Moscow, Russia, we visited Vitaly Yermakov at the CERA office. I have quite a bit to write about that meeting. But before going there I want to pause on the curiousity of this bronze plaque that identifies the Moscow office.

Please take a close look at this plaque, and you will come to understand what is so interesting about the intersection of anthropology and energy expertise. First of all, the plaque is glued to the entrance of a Moscow office building. And, as you can see from the empty holes on each corner — in fact, the plaque was created specifically to be bolted to the building. The use of bolts has a long history and predates the use of glue, which is relatively recent. That is, a bolted plaque provides a narrative about historical time. Unlike glue, which hides between the plaque and the building, bolts provide visible evidence of attachment in a material way that captures the viewers attention.

It’s not unusual to see a bolted bronze plaque in Russia. Together, the bolts, the bronze metal and the plaque –together– establish the mark of a reputable institution in the eyes of the pedestrian, and this process of marking applies widely from hotels to universities. Take a look here:



































“European University in St. Petersburg” as engraved in the Cyrillic alphabet.





Bolts, bolts, bolts (admission: in the lower image, the plaque uses screws).


Nevertheless, you get the message. Using a bolt is Meaningful as evidenced — both, by the drill holes in the plaque and the visibility of bolts actually used to secure the plaque to the building.




So why are there no bolts on the CERA plaque?


It is certainly tempting to suggest the answer has something to do with the building itself, the materials used, etc. — a kind of materialist functional answer. Uh-huh. I thought about that one. So why is it then, that the bronze plaque, directly located to the left of the CERA plaque — have bolts?

Bolts and No Bolts By Comparison















Thus… this peculiar feature of marking energy expertise raises the question: why are there no bolts on the CERA plaque in Moscow?


Can you imagine? The presence and absence of bolts on a Moscow plaque as the basis for developing a theory of the role of Western energy consultant expertise in Russia? At any rate… let’s take a look at the sense-making surrounding the various types of lettering…

Notice that the hotels are written using a Latin alphabet and communicating in the English language proper. That makes some sense. These are expensive hotels often catering to tourists from Western Europe and the US. The only example of a purely Cyrillic alphabet belongs to the plaque announcing the European University in St. Petersburg. And that makes sense, in part, because they are already somewhat estranged by their institutional title and affiliation as a “European University in” Russia — so identification in purely Russian language would seem to soften the dissonance between their institutional identity and the requirement for presenting themselves as, well, a Russian institution (a European-ly Russian institute).


Then, there’s the bronze plaque above — “ЖУРНАЛ DER SPIEGAL” — indicating the German Newspaper Der Spiegal, written in both Cyrillic (ЖУРНАЛ) and Latin (DER SPIEGAL) alphabets.

Okay, this is going to sound a little nutty:

First, notice what the Der Spiegal plaque has in common with the hotel and university plaques. They are all using UPPER-CASE FONTS for ALL letters. By contrast, the CERA plaque capitalizes only select letters of words: (1) the beginning of each word; (2) acronyms in Latin and Cyrillic; (3) the first letter of each acronymic letter in cyrillic that spells out the company IHS.


That’s wierd to me. Another thing: Notice please, that the CERA plaque has written in Latin alphabet the acronym “CERA”. And this acronym has a direct Cyrillic alphabet translation in the acronym “КЭРА”….

….By contrast, however, the acronym in Latin alphabet “IHS” is not translated into a Cyrillic alphabetized acronym, but instead, into the words “Aye Aech Es” by use of the Cyrillic alphabetized letters “Ай Эйч Эс” — This raises the question: why on earth do the words “IHS” when translated into the Cyrillic alphabet lose their direct translation as an acronym but appear on the plaque as a string of words (“Ай Эйч Эс”) that provokes an English pronounciation of the company?

Let me drive the point home: the acronym CERA produces a sound pattern in spoken English as “SERA”. By contrast, the acronym КЭРА produces a different sound pattern, that if heard by an English speaker, would sound like “KERA” — There is a difference in the sound pattern of the English versus Russian lettering, even though both acronyms refer to one and the same company. The plaque allows a Russian speaker to pronounce CERA as “KERA” (and not “SERA”) in the Russian language. Yet, this same plaque demands that a Russian speaking pedestrian create the sound pattern “Aye Aech Es” (Ай Эйч Эс) for the acronym IHS as it would be heard when speaking in English.















As a reminder, we’re looking at the representation on a bronze plaque in Moscow of an energy consulting firm — through their choice of lettering to create an image of the company for the pedestrian, and asking the question, why is it that the acronym “IHS” must remain pronouced in English through the cyrillic lettering “Ай Эйч Эс” — when a direct font translation if printed in Latin script would be rendered “CERA An Aye Aech Es Company”.




Now we have three puzzling questions surrounding CERA’s bronze plaque in Moscow:
(1) Where are the bolts?
(2) Why is there a mix of upper-case and lower-case lettering?
(3) Why is the acronym “IHS” rendered as words printed in Cyrillic, when the acronym “CERA” — in Latin alphabet is rendered as the acronym “КЭРА” in Cyrillic alphabet?







It is worthwhile to note that this staging of the — IHS/Ай Эйч Эс and CERA/КЭРА –formula is not a unique event to the plaque alone, but represents an aesthetic of form, a rationality of self-presentation as seen duplicated on business cards. Here is the Russian language business card of a CERA expert working in Washington, D.C. — notice the presence of “КЭРА/Ай Эйч Эс” on the very bottom of the image.



IHS CERA in Cyrillic type





On the English side of the business card, the Latin alphabet is pure and simple “CERA — An IHS Company”









Returning to the Russian side of the business card, the Cyrillic alphabet appears directly below the Latin alphabet — recreating the bronze plaque in Moscow almost completely in lettering and placement (the trademark which appears on this card is not on the bronze plaque).



























Not incidentally, the business card provides an important clue for understanding the anomaly in acronyms — notice please the following:

CERA An IHS Company”

КЭРА Компания Ай-Эйч-Эс”


Do you see it? CERA and КЭРА are both printed in Bold Type Face.

Whereas only IHS is printed in Bold Type Face — Ай-Эйч-Эс is not. What this means is that the logic of Ай-Эйч-Эс is not that of an acronym, according to the company itself. It is in fact, thoroughly understood as a string of words, printed in Cyrillic alphabet, with the purpose of producing the sound “Aye Aech Es”.


As such, Ай-Эйч-Эс is a string of words. On the one hand, the sight of these words does not produce an immediacy of meaning that the three previous acronyms produce. The acronyms function as a hieroglyph — at one glance, we understand what they are meant to signify. Thus, Ай-Эйч-Эс is weighted down considerably. First, it requires a double-step to arrive at the meaning of the acronym (pronounciation and then realization). Second, the time-lag required for cognition dampens the effect of immediacy that accompanies the hieroglyphic sign function of the acronym. Third, the bold type face accents the immediacy of the hieroglyphic function, while the absence of bold type face emphasizes the immediacy of pronounciation function (i.e., “Ай Эйч Эс” appears like every other word that requires reading).



CERA stands for Cambridge Energy Research Associates. If you google the acronym CERA, a variety of company pages and news articles pop up in spades. However, if you google КЭРА, you are likely not to find anything, until you combine the acronym with a word string, such as “КЭРА energy”. So what does КЭРА actually stand for, if it is not a recognized acronym of the company in its own right?


Well, this is interesting. КЭРА is actually a transliteration of CERA. That is, it is the spelling of “Cambridge Energy Research Associates” in the Cyrillic alphabet: Кембридж Энерджи Рисерс Ассошиэйтс or КЭРА (Cambridge Energy Research Associates or CERA). In Russian, it is a string of word-sounds that would be recognized by a Russian speaker as totally foreign, of foreign origin. What this means is that the phrase does not follow any grammatical rule or usage in the Russian language that usually governs over the spelling and pronounciation of words. It is stable and static. It does not decline, for example, when used in the news media. Take the following example, of an advertisement for a job vacancy at CERA:

















Looking at the first sentence, appearing under the news headline and company internet link — there are the words printed in cyrillic:


“Компания Кембридж Энерджи Рисерс Ассошиэйтс, Инк., КЭРА (Cambridge Energy Research Associates, CERA) –”


In English:

“[The] company [of] Cambridge Energy Research Associates, Inc., CERA….”


The point I want to make here is that the first word “company” in Russian (Компания) is typically followed by the name of a company appearing in its possessive declination, something like the following: Кембриджа Энерджй Рисерса Ассошиэйтса.

But here, of course, the phrase remains a transfixed loan word, without interruptions in Russian language. One might say, that it belongs to a category of Western capitalist word formations that are new to Russia, including the transliteration of the phrase “energy consulting” (энерджи консалтинг). The actual word “Energy” in Russian is Энергия or Energiya — “Energy”. It is not “энерджи” which in Russian, has the same pronounciation as the word in English “energy”.


But there is more: Look again at the Russian spelling — Кембридж Энерджи Рисерс Ассошиэйтс


Actually, if you pronounce this phrase from your lips as it is spelled out, what you would actually hear is the following: Cambridge Energy Reserse Associates” — The word “Research” is actually mis-transliterated. The word is spelled without using a ч on the end, to create the “CH” sound. Instead, it is spelled with a с on the end, creating an “S” sound.


A small consideration perhaps, but then why go through the trouble of absolutely ensuring that that the “H” in the acronym “IHS”, is spelled in Cyrillic with the ч sound (Эйч)?



Thus, we add to our original three questions, a fourth question:

(1) Where are the bolts?
(2) Why is there a mix of upper-case and lower-case lettering?
(3) Why is the acronym “IHS” rendered as words printed in Cyrillic, when the acronym “CERA” — in Latin alphabet is rendered as the acronym “КЭРА” in Cyrillic alphabet?
(4) Why is the ч (“ch”) pronounciation important enough to be spelled out in the acronym “IHS” but apparently, not important enough to be spelled out in the word “Research”, when the latter word appears in the Cyrillic alphabet to denote the company name of Cambridge Energy Research (Рисерс) Associates?




And what does this all have to do, we wonder, with the fact that at the front door of the CERA/IHS office inside the building, the sign indicating the companies only refer to IHS?






































These differences are beginning to suggest a critical set of distinctions that separate CERA and IHS as the joint company appears to itself and others inside of Russia.







Cultural logics of Western practice –

available at the passing glance of a pedestrian…

























































Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu












A Day in the Life of an Energy Consultant:
A Study in Productive Calm













































































Expatriates in D.C.












I was in Washington, D.C. attending a party for members of the Alaska Family – persons of high-profile from Alaska, who have since oriented their careers toward securing federal dollars from the U.S. Congress on behalf of the state. Some years ago, I spent “two tours of duty” in the Office of the Alaska Governor, on the Senate side of Capitol Hill, in the Hall of States Building. I was an energy lobbyist under Democratic Alaska Governor Tony Knowles  and then later, under Republican Governor Frank Murkowski. It was with some pleasure then, that I had the chance to reunite with my informants who gathered for a small reception of the annual Alaska Energy Forum.































That’s Jack Ferguson, everyone’s favorite (and some say highest-paid) Alaska lobbyist. All around well-liked guy, he has a way with capturing the mood of the moment. I remember one such an instance when a newly elected Governor of Alaska Frank Murkowski flew to Washington D.C. in the middle of winter to meet with several lobbyists who he had known previously when serving as Alaska’s U.S. Senator. One of the meetings took place over lunch with Tom Roberts, a lawyer for a high profile D.C. law firm. For decades, Roberts has provided lobbying services to the Canadian pipeline construction company, Foothills Pipelines Ltd., who holds critical permits to build the proposed gazillion dollar natural gas pipeline along the Alaska Highway route.

Years before, both Jack Ferguson and Tom Roberts had served, at different times, as Chief-of-Staff to Murkowski while the latter was U.S. senator. Both had continued a mutually supportive friendship. In fact, Roberts served as treasurer on Murkowski’s gubernatorial campaign. Actually, at the beginning of Murkowski’s gubernatorial reign, Roberts was considered part of the Governor’s Kitchen Cabinet, in large part, because that very phrase designating that particular group was assigned during that very luncheon with Roberts — when Jack Ferguson, came in out of the cold, threw off his jacket and bellowed across the restaurant, “there they are, the ‘Kitchen Cabinet’!”. The name stuck and was used throughout the following months to refer to the decision making authority of D.C. friends of the governor and also — as the reason for the lack of decision making authority among highly placed political appointees back in Alaska.



Returning to the ocassion, everyone was in good spirits, and there were so many folks that I had not seen in some time. Members of the Press and leaders of Oil Companies, buddy–buddying, schmoozing, rubbing palms and patting backs, just like ole’ times. Of course, even Alaskans can get on the wrong side of each other, or to quote my favorite Mentor– John Katz,

- “We’ve met the enemy, and them is us!”

John has served under seven or eight Alaska governors, I forget how many now — as the Federal-State Director in the D.C. Office. He has so many quotes to sum up the situation. Another of my favorites, especially in the context of energy legislation: “Success has a thousand fathers but failure is an orphan”.
































Here we are. That’s energy journalist, William Murray, Political Correspondent for Energy Intelligence, standing next to David C. Nagel, Executive Vice President of British Petroleum (BP).

David just stepped into the seat at the D.C. Office of BP. But his arrival did not disrupt the position of an old playmate, Brian W. Miller, Senior Director, US Government Affairs for BP, who was also in attendance that evening. Brian and I go back some time, in fact, he was quite instructive to me on several occassions.

I even remember buying Brian lunch at Bistro Bis, a high-end brasserie. Picking up the check at lunch is an important issue, particularly for BP lobbyists who have a habit of over-purchasing restaurant food and taxi fares. It is as if they want to send the message: “you really can’t resist the temptation of a free lunch — watch and I’ll show you”. I have had to think long and hard about these D.C. meetings, and thanks to the inspired wit of James Clifford, I now refer to these lunches as Casually Aggressive Generosity.

On that ocassion, I avoided the BP power moment by giving my credit card to the waitress asking her to just bring me the charged bill directly. I had invited Brian to lunch to thank him for helping me clarify the arrangements for accepting the position under the Alaska Governor. Brian appreciated the gesture and stated that his wife often says to him that he’s “too mindful of others, and doesn’t put himself first enough”.




Drue Pearce, Senior Policy Advisor for Crowell Moring, was in attendance as well. Drue has had such a long and distinguished career in Alaska politics. I first met her when she was a State Senator in the Alaska Legislature. She then went on to become Special Assistant to Secretary of Interior Gale Norton, in Washington, D.C. — That must have been an amazing experience. I remember meeting the Madam Secretary in her office, with Drue, while accompanying the newly elected Alaska Governor, Frank Murkowski, on his inaugural tour of D.C. heavies.

I wish I had my camera on that ocassion! W-O-W. What a beautifully plush office. Frederick Remington paintings of the Old West hung on the darkly wooden panelled walls, photos from Edward Curtis, capturing the twilight of the West. There was a central drawing room that any executive would envy. I had to hold my breath — so nervous to be in the inner-sanctum of federal bureacratic power. On such ocassions, whenever offered a drink, wine or juice, I declined for fear that I’d spill the darn thing and make a fool of myself in front of such a distinguished party.

Drue completed her political appointment career with the Presidentially appointed, and Senate confirmed title of Federal Coordinator, which was an amazing post — and one that is now being held by none other than Larry Persily, former Alaska journalist and political appointee under two Alaska Governors: Tony Knowles and Sarah Palin.

































Yup. That’s Larry Persily, Federal Coordinator of the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System. The Office of the Federal Coordinator (OFC) was created to expedite the construction of an Alaska natural gas pipeline, if it ever got off the ground. Actually, the OFC, is a precurser to the OFI, Office of the Federal Inspector, which was created several decades ago, under President Jimmy Carter, when the original plans for the Alaska pipeline were created. The whole idea behind these offices is to create a one-stop shop for all federal government issues to be handled, so just in case the project does move forward, it doesn’t get mired down in squabbling over regulations.







Wow. That’s Rita Stevens, flanked by Oil men from Marathon Oil Company. Geez. I know Rita from my first trip to Alaska, on Kodiak Island, as an archaeologist, when I was an undergraduate student at Columbia University. Rita is married to Gary Stevens, former college professor and now president of the Alaska State Senate. Both flew in from Juneau, Alaska, for the meeting.

We all hugged, and then went out for dinner, right then and there, with other Alaska politicians from the State Legislature.

Around this time, several months ago now, I was in Houston, Texas, delivering a talk to members of the oil and gas industry on arctic natural gas development. I mentioned the need to create communities of participation, that bring together in one room the principals of energy companies and sovereign arctic officials, so that everyone becomes familiar with each other and understands how to communicate across a broader band-width of demands than what continues to be narrowly construed as, on the one side “economic viability”, and on the other side “increasing local revenue”.

One example of a roundtable meeting took place between Alaska Governor Frank Murkowski and the principals of Alaska energy companies. I believe the mutual understanding that grew from these face-to-face meetings ultimately led to the contract drafted between the Governor and the Alaska oil and gas producers on conditions of a natural gas pipeline project. Terry Koonce, former head of ExxonMobil met with the Governor at pre-arranged roundtables to speak openly about requirements on the Alaska pipeline.










However, when the Governor finally delivered to the Alaska State Legislature the contract, to be ratified, Alaska lawmakers faulted and dropped the agreement. Was it the weakness of the contract itself? Or was it the lack of engagement between lawmakers and principals of energy companies? As an observer, I found the ordeal a missed opportunity.

The need for alliance building through face-to-face roundtable contacts became clear to me while I was having dinner with Alaska’s State Senate Majority Leaders visiting Washington D.C. Seated on the right is State Senate President Gary Stevens, and to his left co-chair of the Finance Committee, Bert Stedman — two of the most influential persons involved in negotiations over energy tax relief legislation proposed by the Alaska governor.


A primary question for me that evening was the following:


Can someone please explain to me how it occurs that on their night off in Washington, D.C. the only non-politician having dinner with these Alaska leaders is a cultural anthropologist? And not, for example, Jim Mulva, CEO of ConocoPhillips who could best portray his company’s long term interests in Alaska and explain why he is requesting a tax break from the state?

To be fair to Mr. Mulva, he does communicate in-person frequently with Alaska U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski, at her office in the Hart Senate Building on Capitol Hill, which is where I first met him, introduced to me by energy lobbyist Don Duncan. It was in this moment of our meeting, actually, that I developed right-there-on-the-spot my initial theory of corporeality of the intellectual professional, based on a handshake with this powerful, charming and charismatic individual.























Oslo Energy Forum





































































Holmenkollen. The hotel where 80-or-so bankers, oil executives and consultants gather for the Oslo Energy Forum to discuss — the future of oil and gas industry.













































The first image hotel guests witness is a wall-sized video screen of female swimmers in bathing suits.













































The next image is a hotel room.

The third image — a workshop brochure and participant details.



















































An image of yourself is next, as you are nearing toward entering into a room of participants and at the front or your consciousness appears the exorbitant cost of attendance, access by personal-only invitation, illustrious speakers about whom you gaze at with wonder on the internet prior to arrival, the secrets and closed curtain discussions, Chatham House rule — “what is said in the room, stays in the room”, etc. and so on — the emotional impact of an event that many in the industry place high on a pedestal, the descriptive importance of the Forum, gazes into the future, predictions of energy demands, cocktail introductions, the handling and exchanges of business cards, slight of hand gestures, Moet Chandon flutes.

All of this takes place as you straighten your tie or, as in this case, check to see the camera works.






































You take your seat among the guests and listen to what will be in store.










































You exchange Business Cards.




























The next day, you find your seat — listen and engage:
























































You return to your room where cross-country ski boots await you, so that you can bond with executives on the fields above Oslo.



















































































You unfold your napkin for dinner.








































After several days of these activities, you leave for home.











































Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































no. 11

































































































































Recently, I caught up with Energy Czar, Daniel Kammen — a Hero for our time.


Can you imagine?! He’s been invited to the 2012 Oslo Energy Forum as main speaker, along with Bob Dudley, current head of British Petroleum (who we have yet to catch up with), Helge Lund, CEO of Statoil (who we just met there a few months back), and Lee Raymond, Former CEO, Exxon Mobil, etc. and so on.

“Under no uncertain terms,” I informed the Energy Czar — while raising my forefinger skyward, “can you attend the Oslo Energy Forum 2012 without bringing me along.”

Good Grief! That’s StudioPolar‘s backyard!






































Well, we’ll see. At $15K an entry ticket, to go once in my lifetime should be enough. And I should thank here the US Federal Government for thinking so highly of me to scoot me over there several months ago. But to go again. Now that would be the true test of the Paparazzi Ethnographic master.



Back to the Czar.

First, we chuckled over East Bay Express naming Dan Kammen Most Influential Cal Berkeley Energy Czar for handling the $8 billion portfolio for World Bank Group’s Energy Strategy

As a matter of fact, I checked in on Dan at the World Bank Group (WBG) in Washinton, D.C., recently — to provide evidence that Dan was doing just that —  handling the WBG Energy Strategy.











































































The World Bank Group building is impressive and located in the heart of Washington, D.C.






















































…I managed to get through security with only a raised brow…

Just as I got my feet wet, we were called back out again, for an early lunch with Paul Isbell, Senior Associate at Center for Strategic and International Studies



































Paul is a gracious host.


















































Paul is entertaining at the table as well.
















































We ordered wine with the meal.






























Ordering such a fancy meal — I got to use fancy silverware — a fork with three prongs, a knife without a serrated edge and a little dent and a spoon with a dent…

World Bank Group is a big castle. There’s everything! Dining, Customer Service Center where you get your United Nation’s passport, Health Clinic for travel vaccinations, Mail Department, Graphics Shop, Latte Dispensers, Library, Dry Cleaners, Restaurants, Employee Banking. There’s artwork everywhere, and the atrium must be a couple hundred feet high, similar to a cathedral.


It was an interesting experience for a guy like me, coming all the way from a small town called Berkeley. I almost felt like I was hanging out with the big boys. Hey, Wait a New York minute! That’s what we do here!


I attended meetings with a lot of VIPs.




























After several days, I realized I could just live there, literally, inside the WBG. Without coming out.

I would not get bored. I could be like a house cat. Roaming, purring, sleeping. Eat late brunches with Dan, visit the Customer Service Center for services, and have plenty of latte’s in the atrium. That’s where all the business takes place by the way, right there, sitting and chatting over who’s next in line for big power plant.












Oops! Silly me. I almost got so carried away the WBG lifestyle, that I nearly forgot the tag line of the main story:

WBG declined to allow the Energy Czar to participate in assessment of clean energy alternatives in Kosovo…and to Dan’s credit, the story was splashed all over the news: e.g.,
Battle over Ugly Coal

I guess that’s what makes Dan Kammen the Energy Czar. He’s more than just a fat cat purring in the WBG.






































Energy journalists are key players in Arctic natural gas development. We began noticing the influence of journalists when observing the Alaska Governors. Members of the Governor’s cabinet were highly concerned with the reporting of news events.

In fact, within the Alaska Governor Tony Knowles administration (where we began our paparazzi ethnography) we noticed a few journalists highly placed within the adminstration. They were word-crafters and public spokespersons for the Governor. Persons like David Ramseur, whose career began as an Alaska journalist, but in the final years of the Knowles administration, he became Chief-of-Staff. David recently is serving as Chief-of-Staff for Alaska U.S. Senator Mark Begich. Ramseur kept his cards close to his breast. He often wrote policy speeches for the Governor and kept an eye on daily press releases that we turned out for the Alaska media.

Journalist, L. Persily as Federal Coordinator

Another journalist who flittered between political appointments and freelancing for the Anchorage Daily News is Larry Persily. Larry is a master wordsmith. Under Knowles, he was Deputy Commissioner of Revenue and coined the term now famously delivered by the Governor, “My Way is the Highway” — which was in response to a policy favoring the Alaska-Canada Highway as the best route for an Alaska natural gas pipeline (should it ever be built).




Larry was hired also by Alaska Governor Sarah Palin in order so that he would not work as a journalist. We met up with Larry in Washington, D.C. recently, to see his new digs, as reflected in this photograph above. He is the Congressionally appointed Federal Coordinator on the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline Project.

Moving on, in Moscow, we were lucky to meet with the quiet, humble, and high-in-demand journalist for The Wall Street JournalJacob Grønholt-Pedersen. Jacob is from Copenhagen. He speaks perfect English, Russian, and Danish. We initially saw Jacob’s writings when he was reporting on the Barents Sea Shtokman natural gas project. We contacted him by email. Here is an image from an internet search of his name.















We met Jacob for lunch on the pedestrian-only Kamergersky Pereulok - a sidestreet and popular hangout in Moscow. In fact, the street abuts the Cambridge Energy Consulting office where we met energy consultant Vitaly Yermakov. Here is a photo of Alex standing next to the Cambridge Energy bronze plaque.



















Here’s an example of headline by Jacob:


















Energy Journalists on the Timing of Events

  • The issue of expertise surrounding development of the Barents Sea Shtokman natural gas field is reported upon in the press differently depending on the any one event, meeting or issue taking place. For ecological organizations, it is a chance to inquire into how potential industrial wastes and hazards will be handled. For representatives of Shtokman Development AG (the energy partnership) it is an opportunity to promote how information produced by environmental consultants will be made available. For trade organizations (builders, tenders) in Norway, they consider anxiously how they will be involved in the project.
  • Main tag line: “Russia’s priority project, the massive Shtokman offshore field in the Barents Sea north of Murmansk—a joint project with France’s Total S.A. and Norway’s StatoilHydro”.
  • In this article, Jacob demonstrates his access to expert analysts in the field. He quotes Vitaly Yermakov — Director of Moscow branch of Cambridge Energy; an “analyst” (unnamed source) from UniCredit and Ron Smith — Chief Strategist at Moscow-based Alfa Bank.
  • This main issue discussed concerns when the project will move forward at all. And we find printed here various statements by independent consultants or finance organizations who presumably are located somewhere in Moscow and whose comments are specifically limited to timing. Everyone wants to know about the timing of events. These statements on timing (2013, 2015, 2025, never) encapsulate an entirety of expectations surrounding regulatory and economic conditions.
  • If you google Moscow Cambridge Energy director, Vitaly Yermakov, his name appears in relation to Cambridge Energy Director in the Washington D.C. office, Matthew J. Sagers, who is author of an academic reaction paper to Milov et. al (2006), (the latter article appearing in the syllabus of Yale anthropologist Doug Rogers on energy in Russia). In addition to working with Yermakov, Sagers also cites in his bibliography an article collaboration with Russian gas economist Valeriy Kryukov, who we had dinner with in Oslo along with Oxford Energy Institute’s Jonathan Stern, at the Petromaks Workshop sponsored by the Norwegian Research Council — the same group who sponsored the Norwegian-Russian Arctic Gas Workshop in Murmansk, titled Petrosam (see below). Both Stern and Kryukov have been publishing for decades on Russian gas developments, together with Arild Moe of Norway’s Fridtjof Nansen Institute (see the post on Moe and Stern below).
  • In the article we refer to, Sager responds to the “nature of Russia’s official energy policy” (“ad hoc” rather than “systemic”). He comments primarily on whether Milov et. al are correct in their empirical assessments of oil exports, pricing developments, price deregulation, gas supply, export flows.
  • Essentially — what we draw attention to here is that there are various levels of detail entrenched in different spaces (academic journals, dinners, workshops), that bubble up to the surface through the work of journalists and often times in the form of statements about the timing of events.
  • The social function of the work of Pedersen, is to write stories in the form of news articles that serve as a hieroglyph, a consecrated form of expert interaction, a condensation of information flow, whose depth is flattened out by publication in the press, but that retains its hold as a source of knowledge because of its lineage, as represented by the various actors cited in text. We suppose the apt metaphor would be a tip of the ice berg. Articles by Pedersen, are like the tip of an ice berg — whose actual dimensions of depth — everyone in the know can recognize by its appearance on the surface of things.
In the event we are awarded our beloved National Science Foundation proposal, we plan to follow up with Jacob in the nearest future….













Seventh International Congress of Arctic Social Sciences (ICASS)

Have we mentioned what a wonderful time we’ve had at the ICASS 7, and in fact, that everyone has already headed home to their respective destinations? We have. We’re tuckered and cannot think of what more to say beyond acknowledging, once again our wonderful hosts, Joan Nymand Larsen and Jon Haukur Ingimundarson.


Or?

Is there’s still room to beat about the bush?

Former Lt. Governor of Alaska and current Chair of Arctic Research Commission, Fran Ulmer (R) standing beside economist, Lee Husky

Dr. Anna Kerttula de Echave, Academic to the stars and National Science Foundation, Program Officer for Office of Polar Programs

There is. We need to name drop  – that also in attendance was Former Lt. Governor of Alaska and current Chair of the Arctic Research Commission, Fran Ulmer. Fran has worked tirelessly for all things good in the Arctic (and Alaska!) and that she attended the ICASS 7 speaks volumes of her continued committment.

And come to think of it, I benefitted from the discretion of Fran, when she and Governor Tony Knowles provided me with my first break as Paparazzi Ethnographer, while working as an energy lobbyist in their Washington, D.C. office some years ago. At that time, I was assistant to Anna Kerttula de Echave, then Associate Director in the Office of the Alaska Governor, appointed under Ulmer and Knowles. In our humble footnote manner, we would just like to wish both Fran and Anna all the best — as they continue to provide all of us with the great leadership they’ve been doing now for so long….

  






Pre-Epilogue Notes:
News Flash: We’re not done quite yet. First of all, we have to thank one special person, among the so many that we need to acknowledge, and for which we will be doing just that very activity here quite soon, but nevertheless, let us take a moment to acknowledge the masterful latte making of Hildur Fridriksdottir.

Voilà:

Hildur

Pouring Magic Potion

With a Smile

Several secret admirers of the StudioPolar Paparazzi Ethnographic Blog have since given up their identity.
Admittedly, it was difficult at first to wrangle from one person in particular, his namesake, and we were at a loss for how to provide an identity to the image. Then it occured to us to ask the one question that no academic can resist from providing an appropriate response: “May we have your business card?” and in a moment all was revealed:

Mysterious reader of StudioPolar

John W. Farrell, PhD. and Executive Director of the US Arctic Research Commission. As you can imagine, we were flattered to have such a distinguished representative of our federal government following our blogging footsteps.

Okay, let’s go to the final plenary for the closing of the conference. Wow! We all had a great time here at ICASS, perhaps one of the best venues ever. So many good presentations, conversations, evenings, exchanges, and even a bit of intrigue to oil the moving parts and practices of all the fleeting phenomena of Akureyri’s mid-summer’s meeting.

Well, there you have it.

Final Plenary

Final statements

Leaders

The final plenary took place, Joan Nymand Larsen, IASSA President and ICASS VII co-convener said some wonderful words to bring to an end a fabulous week.



Gail Fondahl going for the Gold!


UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA IS THE WINNER!!! CONGRATULATIONS GAIL FONDAHL!!! The new IASSA President and ICASS VIII Convener!! YAY!! – We’ll all be headed to Northern British Columbia in a couple years for the next ICASS conference – Nelson Graburn is such a drama queen. He came out with the microphone and gave us the final vote tally announcing “78 votes to 67 votes” and then sat there not saying who the winner was for a few seconds, all of us waiting on bated breath, and then he announced it. I just congratulated Gail personally, she’ll do a fabulous job.





6/26Last Day 9AM. Listening to Nancy Wachowich talking about film, and image history in Canadian Arctic. Sounds great so far. Oh, excellent. Talking about how images, movies from the Arctic, getting inscribed into New York art galleries, and the competing story lines of Knud Rasmussen. The evidentiary status of images and stories in various arctic fronts, and bringing various readings to the table. And “ducking beneath” various accepted notions by which the local is undermined by reference to the global in film (e.g., technology of the camera).

How the historic past is intimately connected to, and moving far beyond the image in the frame. And in this, Nancy provides an ethnography of the script-making behind the indigenous film on Rasmussen’s diaries, and how the past was brought into being through a generative set of activities, referring to maps, charts, old photographs posted on walls, and elders referencing different images and an interplay of elaborate activities moving forward — a heighted reflexivity about what it might have been like to have experienced environmental emergence common only a generation earlier.

Historical imaginings in the film, left on the cutting room floor, etc. are all apart of the narrative imaginings.


6/25: We finally caught up with Amanda Foote from Wild Horses Consulting. A real Calgarian would be an understatement. We were on our way to the movies, to see an ethnographic film, and brushed by Amanda while she was carrying on a phone conversation with one youth member of the Canadian Aboriginal Bands which she assists in work development programs.

Amanda's Eye Glasses

Glasses magnified

We arrived at that moment when she had her glasses off, taking a break from looking into the lens, and capturing a photo of her eye-glasses once before she had a chance to put them on again, deciding that their materiality best preserved the image of Amanda in her absence.

Ssshhh!

We just stepped into a movie screening.

I’m so lazy, and ask our readers to forgive me for not introducing the movie, but it’s so dark in here, I can’t flip through the program. And, oh, they just turned on the light, for a few moments, a technical problem, just for a few moments, not enough time to identify the film that we’re now so engrossed in.

Watching Movies

Movie Watching

But enough time in fact, to capture a quick image of our viewers. And who is that in the left hand bottom corner of the image, looking directly into the camera- but none other than the well spoken graduate student, Lindsey Terry of Educational Policy Studies, University of Alberta. Okay, I’ll have to get the names of the director and movies later. Lights out! Back to the film!

Tom Thorton

3PM — okay, well, while it doesn’t look like we go to any panels and hear any science, in fact we do. And just to provide evidence as such, I want to post this photo of Tom Thorton of Oxford University, working on corporate governing under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. So there. Okay, let’s go back to the gossip. The final vote tally was put through and the new ICASS Council is in. Well, I was a bit abashed actually, three of my favorites did not get elected! Huh. But all those who were, Gail Fondahl, Birger Poppel, Peter Schweitzer, Florian Stammler, Alona Yefimenko, Chris Southcott and two others. Welcome and Congratulations!

NOON TIME – Well, the votes are in. Jessica Shadian gave a great talk in support of Norway for the next ICASS conference, and Gail Fondhal was equally forceful in making her case for British Columbia. Chris Southcott gave a worthy performance.

Vote Counting Pow Wow among the Chiefs

Actually. Last night, right at the table that I was seated, Nelson Graburn was asked to count the votes, so important would be the out come, that everyone wanted the deliberate wisened wizardry of the Inuktitut Master — The pow wow took place when Dr. Joan Nymand Larsen, IASSA President and ICASS VII co-convener, and Dr. Jon Haukur Ingimundarson, ICASS VII Congress Convener huddled for a fleeting moment, captured of course, by the Paparazzi Ethnographic lens.

Update: OMG – Jessica only got 20% of the vote. Wow. Yukon and British Columbia are in a tie vote and we’ve had to vote once again.

Last Meal

Okay, now, we’re introducing the Nominees for IASSA Council 2011-2014. And those who want to be elected are heading up to the podium to give a blurb about who they are. David Koester is up there now, selling his pitch, and he sounds great, calm, secure, I hope he gets on the Council. Alexander King just gave us a promise that if he’s elected he will change the by-laws and put them up for a web vote. There’s someone up there now, and I can’t make out what they’re saying. Too bad. Andrey Petrov is now up, and made everyone laugh with a joke, so that should get him a few votes. Birger Poppel just got the gavel for speaking too long. Peter Schweitzer wants to stay because of institutional memory. Jessica Shadian is now up and she sounds great. Good for her.

Lasting Meal

Florian Stammler is up. Speaking confidently about why he wants another go as a Council member. Tatiana Vlasova is now speaking and talking about the internationalization of workers in (?) — I’m sitting in the back of the room, so I apologize, for this partial note-taking, I can’t hear what’s being said. But I should say that I just voted for Tatiana. She seemed like a very good egg. Okay, last person. Alona Yefimenko. It’s always tough to go last. But Alona sparkled up on stage and I’m sure she’ll get the vote out.



6/25No change.

Conferences.

But today there was a difference. We were invited by the city back to the Culture House. And this time, we came to celebrate by banquet the award of one of our own — of the most presitigious of sentimental moments, the ICASS life membership. Even for the most Midas of cynical touches, those for whom the holy with every moment becomes profane, we gasped.

It was Anna Kerttula.

We all knew Anna was the perfect person. Dr. Kerttula, Program Officer, National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs. But no one could anticipate that at this moment, Anna would have been selected. But lets back up a bit. And attempt to ride into an understanding of the evening without simply spelling things out, right away, so to speak.

There’s no longer a need to provide identification. That we’ve all become familiar with the setting is a truism. It’s late. It’s early. There’s no dawn to dusk, just lit and well lit, dusk and dawn.

Lasting things memorable place me in a heated discussion with Dr. Piers Vitebskey over serendipidty. California versus England according to the good doctor. Of course, I applied my scorched earth rhetoric to the discussion. Everything during the evening was whether Jessica should have the next ICASS over Gail and Chris. For the record, I’ll be voting for ____ ____. Vitebskey attempted to point out that I had no appreciation of tradition. And this was precisely my appreciation. By tearing the sacred asunder, I always can prove there’s something I care for.

The contenders.

Purveyors.

The wine tasters.









The Servers









Banqueters









6/24: Summer solstice in Akureyri. It’s a time when the sun never sets, and folks go out in search of leisure. Everything’s innocent of course, it’s just that all this innocence takes place from dusk till dawn.

Arctic Time Zones

The more we move through space in Akureyri, the more we become aware of a different time dimension, perhaps it has to do with the summer Arctic. But especially last evening, we could not shake a distinct sense that forms of time here were not corresponding to the those of the Western Cosmopolitan.

And this does not mean we had left the cosmopolitan world. It’s just, that perhaps, we had entered an alternative space within the cosmopolitan form. How would I, as an anthropologist, distinguish this unique space, its particular form as represented in the objects that are part of Akureyri night scape? Since I love labels, perhaps it is best to begin with a title, call it Arctic Modern, or the Western Arctic Cosmopolitan for lack of better phrases.

The Architects

Icelandic Modern

And here I might say that there is a distinct Akureryi Night Scape that begins just past midnight. When Icelanders go down to various night bars or piano bars, and without even making a phone call, find each other wrestling with the midsummer’s light.

As an anthropologist, it’s typically dumb luck that I can follow a path as friends and informants proceed in their quest to arrest the zum before the fall. Iceland. Definitely one of the most ostentatious emotional locations to visit along the Arctic rim.

After Hours

Closing Time

After Party

And It’s true. I have mentioned in these posts over and over again, the notion of distance. Through the use of previous photographs, I’ve tried to show that the politics of the image is always related to distance. In this regard, Icelanders are unique, especially after 1AM when leaving for after parties.

Boney M.

Icelandic Townsquare

One of the more unique intersections might best be referred to as Boney M. — Nightflight to Venus. 1978 seems to be a good year still in Akureyri, and the tunes Rivers of Babylon and Rasputin, if you have not yet heard of them, should be on your I-Tune list before blowing into town. Otherwise, you’re likely to miss perhaps the most telling moments of life in Akureyri. Well, all this jaunting had to begin somewhere, and we found ourselves principally floating into our present condition from a party at Arctic Portal, where the evening had taken its interesting turn.

Halldor Johannsson

Arctic Portal

Halldor Johannsson is the man at Arctic Portal, an internet firm that is Host to the Arctic Most. They operate the websites for APECS, IASC and several others, and Halldor, who I met several years ago when I was a council member of APECS, is as generous a person as you can find in the Arctic.

We continued our path through Arctic Portal, through their various rooms, and becoming quite interested in Iceland, its evening secrets. But before we arrived there, we began the evening by attending the bid for the next ICASS, taking place at the KEA Hotel, and sponsored by Chris Southcott, Chair, Yukon College, in Canada.

Moving through space

Across tables

It was quite a spread and Chris was magnanimous in his speech. Many in the room were beginning to think North to the Yukon.

I continued to float through the mosh, nibbling on this and that, all the while getting a sense that our panel of presentations on extractive industries was a success. At the Yukon sponsored event, Emma Wilson, Energy Team Leader for International Institute for Environment in London was catching up with Stephanie Fox, Assistant Professor in Public Health.

Emma with Stephanie

Peter Schweitzer

In attention

Peter Schweitzer, Professor in the Department of Anthropology from University of Alaska, Fairbanks, was is good form that evening as well, giving a few words to the audience gathered to hear from Chris.

And there was Jessica Shadian, who I’ve plastered all over this blog and you can read about below, she’s such a sparkling success of an academic in the Arctic, but with her is Phil Steinberg, Professor of Geography at Florida State University

Jessica & Phil

Becoming midnight

Heading Vampiric

All in all, it was dusk till dawn, in Akureyri.



Florian Stammler

6/23: Zing! Day Two –Okay, new day. Florian went ahead and started up our panel, made a lot of generous invitations to the audience to participate. The first speaker is Gunhild, presenting her materials. Yes, that’s right! Here we are, doing our presentations right this moment.

Gunhild is talking about security and all around protection and preservation. What ways that security can be applied and employed in the Arctic setting. Energy security, geopolitics, access to natural resources. Security has long been part of the Arctic. Engaging!

James & Sari

In Focus

Posing

Uh. Well. And there you have it. I just gave my talk! I thought it went pretty well. Wow. That’s it! That’s how it goes. You’re up there and you’re done.

It’s lunch time coming up and I’m looking forward to getting some lamb soup, a big, big item on the menu up here in Iceland. I’ll be joining James S. Baker, Doctoral Candidate in Political Science at University of British Columbia and Sari Graben, Postdoctoral Fellow at Queen’s University’s Institute for Energy and Environmental Policy. James is working on arctic governance in the context of boundaries in the seas of the High North. Sari has been working on energy legislation and actually has a law degree.

Peter Harrison, Director of the 2012 Montreal, IPY conference

David Koester & Alex King

By the way, I want to put in a plug here for the 2012 Montreal IPY conference. IPY stands for International Polar Year, 2007-2009. There have been two main IPY conferences, first taking place in St. Petersburg, Russia 2008, which I attended, and then 2009, in Oslo, Norway, which I also attended.

The next IPY conference taking place in Montreal is being directed by Peter Harrison, Professor of School of Policy Studies at Queen’s University. During the Plenary session, Peter introduced us to what’s going on around that event. Peter’s pitch was quite convincing and you can check out the website here: IPY 2012 From Knowledge to ActionWe’ll see you there!

Hjördís Guðmundsdottir

I should like to thank Hjördís Guðmundsdottir from the Akureyri Institute, who uploaded my Power Point slides and in particular, had the patience to correct one slide so that my presentation would go perfectly.

I was so determined to get rid of that one slide! Hjördís confirmed that the audience only would become confused, so we deleted it. And it’s that kind of advice, moments before giving a talk that you really come to appreciate when working as a Paparazzi Ethnographer.

Nancy, Nancy, Nancy! 

Nancy

Wachowich

N. W.

Nancy Wachowich, anthropologist extraordinaire at University of Aberdeen, Department of Anthropology.

I had meant to  post these last night, when they were taken at the Culture House. But never quite got around to it. In fact, the participating faculty of the Aberdeen Department of Anthropology joined with me and Stephen Schott and his lovely wife Susan, for dinner after the Culture House. Nancy and I split Pad Thai and a hot and sour soup. We then walked over to the Götubarinn for a midnight drink

Cowhide wall at Götubarinn

Okay, back to the conference. Day Two. We’ve gone practically through all the presentations for our extraction working group panel, and are now discussing ways to keep up the momentum in the post conference period.



6/22: Later that evening– What a day! we heard so many Interesting discussions. And there are so many people from so many interesting places! Canada, US, Norway, Russia and so on and so forth, and of course, plenty of folks from here in Iceland. After all what was said and done, we, the social scientists, all headed down for some wine and tidbits at the Culture House in downtown Akureyri.

Ilana Allice & Willow Scobie

Amos Hayes

Joanna Macdonald & Danielle Johnston

I have to admit, there are quite a few folks working in the Arctic who are doing so many interesting things these days! Ilana Allice of the Labrador Institute and Lillow Scobie, Assistant Professor in Department of Sociology, University of Ottawa, are both working in Eastern Canadian Arctic, in Labrador, with different communities on youth related issues.

Danielle Johnston is actually a Canadian government Policy Advisor on Northern Policy and she was at the Culture House with Joanna Macdonald who’s an undergraduate student at Guelph University — which is where Stephen Schott took his PhD, so it must be a highly reputable institution, because Stephen, who I comment on below, is a real smarty pants.

Brenda & Matt

The Mosh

Food-to-go



I had to laugh. Amos Hays, from Carleton University, scolded me for sneaking quietly into his session, as quietly as I could mind you, and then dipping out, before even listening to one speaker.

Of course, I was embarrased and apologetic, in fact, I was attempting to find Grete Holsverud‘s panel, and so for this reason, I was seen several times, dipping in and out of rooms, because I did not have the correct room number.

Piano Forte

Skol!

Husky et al.

It was good to see Matthew Berman, economist extraordinaire at ISER, Alaska’s policy institute at University of Alaska in Anchorage, having an engaging conversation with a one Brenda Parlee, of University of Alberta. My there are a lot of Canadians at this year’s ICASS! The mingling went on and on, and of course, everyone was happy to see each other after the three year respite.

Ah. There they are. Timothy Heleniak and Lee Husky, with whom I shared a beer in Keflavik, and then a splendid dinner. And that’s Maria Nakhshina, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Max Plank Institute for Social Anthropology. And Maria by the way, is working on fishing communities in Murmansk, Russia. Well, that’s a coincidence, because as I mentioned, Murmansk is the very city that I’ve been doing fieldwork on my natural gas project, so we had a few insider stories to exchange.

Service

Rasmus Bertelsen & Gunhild Hoogensen Gjorv

Yup, that’s her. Gunhild. Gunhild Hoogensen with a Gjorv added at the end her name these days. The political scientist at University of Tromso, Norway was in attendance, and I was indeed happy to connect with her, since we have been putting together a Fulbright application for Tromso which is due in just a few days. Gunhild was being thoroughly entertained by Rasmus Gjedsso Bertelesen, currently a Postdoctoral fellow at the United Nations University in Japan.

We all arrived to the event by bus. And you’ll never guess! That Nelson Graburn, my own advisor, the Anthropology of Tourism to the stars, has been trying to thwart the Paparazzi Ethnographer (that’s me)!

Nelson and Kathy Graburn

Read my palm!

Several times, in fact, he attempted to have my camera document his writing hand. This same hand by the way has been working 40 years on the type writer, so it was a good thing we were able to get a copy of the master craftsman. What we need is an anthropological boulevard for hand prints, just like the stars. Well of course, it’s going to take a lot more than a simple hand trick to stop us from getting our photo.

The man in the man

In the end, of course, Nelson relented and by the way, we could not help noticing that his lovely wife Kathy Graburn, was enjoying the entire evening.

The evening seemed to keep moving forward, long into the wee hours. But before we take you there, we should back up a bit more and complete the afternoon happenings toward the Culture house… Oh, let’s skip it. Let me just add a few notes here. The Akureyri Culture House deserves its own blog.

Culture House

Entering

Olga Murashko, Yulia Vasilieva, Victoria Petrasheva, David Koester, Florian Stammler, Anna Kerttula, Alona Yefimenko

Actually, the Akureyri Culture House resembles the Culture House located in Nuuk, Greenland, and a few other places across the Arctic. But that’s a description for another time.



Stephen Schott

Anna Kerttula

6/22: Morning of Day One – Had breakfast with Stephen Schott, University of Carleton, with whom I organized a workshop in Arizona on energy issues. Joining us was Anna Kerttula, Program Officer for National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs. We’re headed up now to the university for the beginning of the conference.

Anna and I decided to walk up to the university, and of course, we got lost — practically falling into a water logged bog, looking for short cuts. But made it up in time to catch the end of the introduction and now we’re sitting in on the first plenary presentation by Gisli Palsson titled Homo islandicus. Palsson is talking about the constitution of the modern day Icelander, presenting a combination of television video and media images.

Opening Ceremony

Gisli Palsson

Palsson’s talk is focusing on physical anthropology of the Arctic, the category of icelanders, and kinds of evidence. And the main story is that Icelanders are always in the process of becoming Icelanders, and that physical variation is evaluation.

Sounds pretty good so far. Tracing geneologies of “strong racism” — developing anthropology for export from Germany. Palsson, traces the Icelandic fascination with Icelanders, taking the story up to the “Business Vikings” and the meltdown genetics of the past decade.

Business Vikings

Mapping Ancestry

The genomics project in Iceland, analysis of DNA samples, and receiving information about traits, and various kinds of risks. And that he can connect his own ancestry across the globe, with the price of $800 and a blood sample. Talking about the making of history, and that previously, only bones could make history, and now only DNA makes history, and that all this memory is stored actually in the body, physical, and the corporeal.

Alex King looking dashing

Svetlana Usenyuk

Florian Stammler

Lunch time.

YAY!

There are so many folks here, hundreds in fact. Alexander King, Department of Anthropology at University of Aberdeen, the ever creative Svetlana Usenyuk from Ekaterinburg, Florian Stammler, who is chairing the panel I’m on tomorrow, and is a professor in Finland.

More of Emma and Jessica

Gail Fondahl

Emma Wilson, who’s from London, holding the position of Energy Team Leader for International Institute for Environment, and Jessica Shadian, from Norway, Bodo graduate school, will be also on our panel tomorrow. 

Gail Fondahl, professor in British Columbia. Both Gail and Jessica are both proposing that they host the next ICASS, and their proposals look wonderful! We wish them the very best, and perhaps, the runner up can host the following event.

Ann Feinup-Riordan

More Ann

Well.  I was able to pigeon hole Ann Feinup-Riordan, for a more thorough discussion on my idea of “Eskimo Science”. In fact, we brainstormed over lunch. She loved my idea, and we were able to create categories of how to move forward on an article. Eskimo – as a term that was a Unifier, has unceremonisouly been discarded in science. So, the question we went through, was, who are the taste makers (terminology police), typically journal editors, who are the Rule breakers, how is non-american science still using Eskimo, who are the Practioners and Unaware Practioners, and the Eskimo Scientists pure and simple. That was actually VERY helpful, thanks Ann- for more “Eskimo Science”, see the post below.

Jessica Conceives

Side view

Gisli Palsson

Oh My Lord! Jessica Shadian is Pregnant!

In honor of Gisli Palsson’s talk, we decided to take a side photo of Jessica, in the same manner that science documents these kinds of developments, in order to get the full event.

Okay, what else.

Wow! Svetlana Usenyuk, the design master, who teaches at the Arctic Design School, put together a video called Arctic Transport, and showed clips of transportation in the Russian Arctic. Such crazy ways to travel in mid-winter. Motorized vehicles that the American eye has never before seen, like small bugs zoomed up in 100 magnification. Talking about designing ideal arctic transport, because that is the most vulnerable point of arctic living. It almost makes me want me to change my research. On second thought, I’m glad that she’s doing it and not me, so I can watch the video instead of actually doing the work.

Coffee Break

Gordon Pullar

Okay, another coffee break with people munching, and oh my, look, there’s Gordon Pullar, Alutiiq Native scholar and anthropologist, who just received tenure at University of Alaska Fairbanks. Congratulations Gordon!

So now, where am I going? Well, I just bumped into Peter Schweitzer, and he’s the United States member of IASC the social component of IASC at any rate. IASC stands for International Arctic Science Committee.

Well, that sounds interesting. Let’s take a closer look! Peter is right now introducing the working group, and actually there are a number of members from other countries in the room. He’s now talking about the scientific scope, that it concerns cross cutting ties, and that the geographic scope is important in defining our goals.

Peter Schweitzer and Arja Rautio close up

Peter Schweitzer and Arja Rautio from afar

But this geographical definition can be extended south, depending on the actual research. That’s cool. That includes me, because I’m always working around the globe.

Arja Rautio, who is from Finland, University of Oulu, was in the room, and I had a chance to mention that Mark Nuttall, University of Alberta anthropologist, who could not be with us here in Akureyri, has been saying some wonderful things about his joint appointment at Oulu. Pretty heavy thoughtful conversation going on at the moment. Of course, I added my two cents. Who knows what I said. I just have say something. Making my little comments.

They’re talking, now about a new conference in Krakow, Poland. !Wow! now that just caught my attention. I’ve never been to Poland!!

Okay, back to heavy conversation. There’s a certain deep-in-thought aesthetic, which often includes putting two fingers on your cheek, which helps in contemplation. Maybe crossing the other arm to support the hand that is lying on the face is helpful. All of these things are helpful to think with.



6/21: There’s a new piano bar and night club in Akureyri called Götubarinn. It is operated by Sigmundur Einarsson. It opened just this past several weeks ago.

Guðrún Svana

Piano Bar

Sigmundur


It’s quite sparkling, much like all the buildings, streets, nature and people here in Iceland. Guðrún Svana Hilmarsdóttir, the very capable bartender, who after witnessing several failed attempts on my part at pronunciation, finally wrote the name of the bar down on a piece of paper, so I would not forget. On weeknights, it’s open until 1AM and on weekends it’s open until 4AM. It’s Tuesday evening.

As you can imagine, the sun never sets in Akureyri during mid-summer, and as a result, it’s pretty bright all throughout the evening. We arrived, were able to drop our things off and I decided to go for a quick look-see about the city. Many of the buildings are colored in bright startling shades.

There are a lot of coffee shops, tons of restaurants and many artist craft shops in Akureyri. Some of the crafts that are created locally actually appear as appliances in other stores indicating that not all things here for sale are produced for tourism. Although it does seem, as Iceland’s largest northern town, that there is a lot of tourism in the area.

arts and crafts

wool globes

wool lamp globes









The bus route was fabulous. I sat with David Koester, anthropology professor at University of Alaska, Fairbanks, who was one of my professors when I was an undergraduate at Columbia University. Several years after I graduated, David took up a post in Fairbanks.

At the bus rest, David and I joined in lunch with Igor Krupnik, who works at the Smithsonian, and Peter Schweitzer, also an anthropology professor at University of Alaska Fairbanks. Actually, we bumped into Nelson and Kathy Graburn, at lunch, who were traveling on an earlier bus, and so were just leaving as we passed.






Spectacular views from the bus, though I can’t say that these images from the window do justice to what we saw enroute to Akureyri. Nevertheless, I went ahead and took a few photos.

Earlier that same day: Heading up to Akureyri. Stayed in Keflavik at B & B, and bumped into Lee Husky, economist at University of Alaska, and Timothy Heleniak, Dept. of Geography, University of Maryland. Our conversation was dominated mostly by who would be sponsoring the next ICASS meeting — a toss up among three candidates, Chris Southcott, Chair, Yukon College, in Canada, Gail Fondahl, University of Northern British Colombia, also in Canada, and Jessica M. Shadian, Bodø Graduate School for Business in Norway. I was a bit exhausted, with probably three hours sleep over the past few days.

Parting shots

ON THE PLANE

6/20: A little sleep deprived, but otherwise alert. Writing inside the terminal, putting down a few ideas before the erosion of my memory of having just attended the Economic Forum sets in.

The Forum this year surprised me.  Clearly, I’m going to have to spend more time in Russia, just hanging out and meeting with folks in St. Petersburg and Moscow. I was quite surprised by the relationship between journalists and the business community, which I did not notice in quite such dramatic detail at the last Forum. Although, I did sense that in Moscow at the Petroleum and Gas Congress, journalists dominated the question and answer periods, even at technical panels. At any rate, I’ll develop a closer contact with them.

Rainy and at night

Petersburg 4AM

6/19: Last evening in St. Petersburg, Russia, before heading out to Iceland. It is typical that people stay out until the wee hours here in summer.

I came back to the hotel late enough to see a bit of darkness, and got a sense of what it must be like here during winter. Foreboding, that’s how it appears to me. Earlier, we headed over to Na Rechke, a restaurant located on Krestovskii Island. The salad was up to Berkeley standards.

Alexandra Boutivkin, who is something of a mid-night to 4AM guide for me here in St. Pete’s, invited me for a few drinks before my plane heads out. Alexa, a civil lawyer, strikes me as typical of the new intellectual professionals in St. Petersburg — smart, well educated, following in the footsteps of her family members. Her sister is an engineer, her father an architect and her mother a lawyer.

Berkeley-type salad

Na Rechke

Alexa Boutivkin

There are a number of islands around St. Petersburg. Some restaurants and homes are located on the canals and waterways that separate the islands. Na Rechke means on the little river, and in fact, you can get there by boat, although we got there by car.

Jessica Shadian in Nuuk, Greenland, attending the ICASS 6

Florian Stammler in Helsinki, Finland Aleksanteri Conference

Heading to Iceland Symposium: Consultation in Arctic Extractive Industries Development.

A panel organized by Florian Stammler, Professor at Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland, and Jessica Shadian, Senior Researcher, Bodø Graduate School of Business, Norway.





Jessica was on a panel I co-organized with Mark Nuttall (U. Alberta), in Nuuk, Greenland, at the 6th ICASS. Then, about 12 arctic social scientists established an extractive resources working group. Last fall, Florian invited me to Helsinki, Finland, for the Aleksanteri Conference. I covered that conference in my intial appearance as Paparazzi Ethnographer Arthur Mason.

The ICASS conference takes place every three years. Attendees are social scientists working in the Arctic. The last gathering took place in Nuuk, Greenland, where I spent quality time with my advisor at the PhD level, Nelson Graburn.

Paparazzi Ethnographer Arthur Mason, Nelson Graburn with Greenlanders Inga Hansen and Pia Larsen

reacting to photos

reacting to photos

Nelson is an amazing guy: witty, generous, productive, curious. Great advisor. He’s flying to Iceland so we expect more good times. I will provide coverage of the event, which falls on the heels of the St. Petersburg Forum.












Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu





Forum Title: Emerging Leadership for a New Era



Epilogue

This is one of my favorite images. The Gazprom wall, with Shtokman appearing in cyrillic on the screen. The vanity project. The Shtokman project, a proposal to develop the super giant field of natural gas in the Barents Sea, remains in the back of everyone’s head here at the Forum. Any whisper about strategic partnerships, dropping comments about the need for domestic financial markets to stabilize foreign investment, the requirements for a stable and transparent regulatory framework, the need to demonstrate Russia’s prowess on Wall Street through IPOs, the requirement to create a health insurance, that would provide a well spring of domestic capital to invest in whatever. All of these issues swim around the vanity project that is the Shtokman.

It’s just like this image. All these folks are wandering around under the banner of Shtokman and Gazprom, speechifying on all these different topics, and all falling under the rubric of a fossil fueled future. Let’s go again next year! Yay!



6/18: The Plenary

Filing-sitting-and-then-listening in the main hall, to Jose Luis Zapatero, PM of Spain, Taja Halonen, President of Finland, Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan and Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia. In that order. PM Zapatero droned on and on, about the need for what, I don’t even remember. He was concerned about the economies in southern Europe but hopeful that everything would work out. Halonen talked about the good behavior of “Nordic sisters” and bad behavior of “southern [European] brothers”. Apparently, Greece’s debt crisis is getting on everyone’s nerves, at least in Western Europe.

President Nazarbayev

Strolling to the podium

Actually Nazarbayev was quite interesting indeed. Provocative. Cheap money is the wrecking ball of economies, “additional printing of yesterday’s currencies, is not going to be able to stop shocks.”

Considerable government debt. Revival of the global economy does not justify sustainable economy. High unemployment. Emerging markets, are showing possible signs of over heating.

960 million to one billion people are threatened with famine – global food crisis, global economicization has led to 2% of global population holding all the power. Speculative capital continutes to be inflated. “All of this testifies,” he said, “for the need to take dramatic measures to reform financial sectors and get down to real business.” Wow. Slap, slap, slap.

Buddies: Presidents Medvedev & Nazarbayev

I have to hand it to Nazarbayev for coming up with academic plans in the middle of a Forum. Transition to new and fair, monetary exchange and a clear understanding about the criteria – which he “formulated more than 2 years ago in [his] article” – and then went on to outline his points: supremacy of law and a global agreement on currency, a criteria of democracy and clear procedures for printing money (“we have no idea what’s going on there”).

The “old western paradigm that led to crises has discredited itself, a new paradigm is emerging”.  We need to change the international financial architecture, accelerate the modernization of economy, provide quality services, and consider human capital as the main form of growth and create innovative approaches for students and parks for technologies.

President Medvedev

The Man in the Man

But, in the end, the day went to President Medvedev, who used the analogy of St. Petersburg weather to describe the European economies, going up and down, in a rather unpredictable manner.

The question was put to him, whether he would run for president, and of course, the entire audience got a chuckle out of that. His response was to point out that the Forum was not entirely the best place to announce such decisions, but that he planned to make his future direction known quite soon.

Earlier, I was able to attend the Renewables forum — a jammed hall, but not one member of the Ministry of Energy. I’ll write about that later.

Earlier that same day: It’s raining buckets this morning.

There’s a lot of discussion about the image problem of Russia and that many outside investors inacurrately accuse Russia of doing things wrongly. But because of this, in order to attract long term investments, there will need to be a domestic financial market, which at present does not exist.

That’s what front row participants, Shiv Vikram Khemka, Vice Chairman, SUN Group, and  Vyacheslav Pivovarov, Managing Partner, Altera Capital, think at any rate, the latter, stating further that government’s role in free market economy should be fairly limited.

Then, the cameras begin and Ryan welcomes everyone. Ryan Chilcote, Bloomberg, Journalist. The themes sound like business restructuring, access to capital finance, modernization. First question is “how easy is it to raise capital when there’s capital flight.”

So, here we’re starting up a panel on international expansion through funding and it looks pretty serious. Oops, Ryan made a few mistakes and we start over again. Panelists: Peter Derby, Managing Partner, The Concinnity Group suggests calculating risk adjusted to return on investments. Long term financing in the domestic market is important. Fiscal, political, legal environments need stability.

Dmitriev, Kirill– General Director, Russian Direct Investment Fund, says that Russia has an “image issue” it has to address, which the state is taking on. Roman Trotsenko, President, United Shipbuilding Corporation JSC says that Russia is like swiss cheese. It’s there but with holes.

It’s quite easy to raise capital for those with natural resources, but for companies working in open markets, raising capital is difficult, only a few examples of success, Yandex, after its succesful IPO. But in general, it’s impossible to explain to investors, what are the long term plans, and why companies can keep their competitiveness.

Okay, I’m still full from breakfast. I slipped into an industry breakfast on Russian Software. There’s always quite a bit of discussion about improving education and providing more regulatory clarity on taxes, across the board. Product development and marketing. Yandex, Yandex.

Weeks ago, at a lecture, I suggested that American/Western European educated Russians returning to Moscow present a vanguard working with knowledge in different ways than the older Nomenklatura class, for whom political connections remain important. A few Russian executives asked on possibilities for members of this group to become influential, in shaping politics and economy in Russia. Nomenklatura could potentially articulate members of this group into its own faction, reproducing Rear Guard (Nomenklatura) and Vanguard (Global Russian) factions for years to come. At the time, it seemed like a reasonable answer. But probably wrong.

The status of Western educated Russians remains fragmented, with the exception of those receiving an MBA or a PhD in Western Europe/America. As long as you took a post graduate degree in the West, then you continue to be part of the social and political forces within Russia. And this is because, you still retain much of the cultural knowledge required to pose, in ideologically internal ways, the appropriate kinds of questions about what constitutes Modernity in Russia today.

 

I’ve been told, that foreign investment, technology, and Western education, while incredibly important to Russia and Russians, remains modular, an outside element, plugged in for certain functional purposes but not part of the self-enclosed ideological reflection that develops questions surrounding, for example, what is Russia today?


6/17: This morning begins with an opening plenary with key note speeches by Dmitry Medvedev, President of the Russia and Hu Jintao, President of China. Attending the plenary is limited to Package-One participants. I’m Package-Two, so I’ve filed into a screening room.

The journalists descend

upon the Stars arriving

At the Entrance to the Economic Forum

There’s a buzz and prestige about which meeting rooms you can have access to here at the Forum. This morning, I came early to join the paparazzi outside the front entrance. As you can see from these photos, the entrance to the Forum itself, is site of buzz.

photo ops

Star Bar

Part of the excitement is the actual activity happening — right here on the entrance steps. There are photographers, chauffers, journalists, Forum representatives, Forum maintenance people, door men, an anthropologist (that’s me!), and of course, the main stars walking into the forum.

Okay, the Plenary is starting. Oops, I must say, I have some darn good luck: I just plopped down here, and seated next to me is Andy Calitz, Vice President of Shell Oil. Everyone has been asking me whether Shell will step in and team up with Rosneft on Arctic energy development, now that the deal between BP and Rosneft fell through. How should I know? Andy asked me what the word on the street was.

Shtokman in cyrillic

Chatting by phone

I told him there were three issues. First, everything is secret, no one will say boo. Second, everyone thinks that Bob Dudley of BP will go back into the fray and get a deal with Rosneft. Third, that Shell would step in and pick up the deal with Rosneft.

To this Andy replied, “I can’t say anything. Only two things: First, I was one of three persons who put the deal together on Sakhalin [project in eastern Russia] and second, I’m now in Moscow [his business card says The Netherlands]” — What do these two points mean? Well, here is an industry heavy that had a past in Russian energy, and he’s just been pulled into Moscow, meaning, yes, there is something going on between Shell and Rosneft.

Medvedev speaks: Economy. Reduce corruption, increase investment, put restrictions on government.

Mayor of Moscow has entered the building

Hu Jintao, President of China — offers hearty congratulations to Medvedev. Its… a Multi-polar world. We need to press ahead with global governance and financial reform. Oppose protectionism. Transform economic development. Embrace science and innovation strategies.

I headed back into Pavillion 7 and caught a few shots of the Gazprom exhibit, with the words Shtokman in English and Russian scrolling across the scene.

Golden Age of Gas: I finally found a screen that was showing the New Paths to Energy Security forum. Attendance was totally restricted, headed by Cambridge Energy’s Daniel Yergin, with Prez Medvedev, and a CEO-pile up that included Bob Dudley of BP, Helge Lund of Statoil, Peter Voser of Shell, and a long list of others.

Mayor of Moscow has left the building

Daniel Yergin comments on the cyber vulnerability of the energy system and that there is uncertainty in global market and that this makes investment outlook uncertain, and the problems of nuclear are making things much worse. There seems to be considerable discussion over nuclear, and how natural gas is going to have to pick up the slack, now that nuclear is no longer en vogue in Germany. Sergei Kirienko, Director General, State Atomic Energy “Rosatom” – responding to pessimism over atomic energy, is looking toward completing projects and states nuclear will be responsible for contributing to carbon reductions.

Bernhard Reutersberg, E.ON AG, says there’s demand for Russian gas. The “German situation” – a political decision was made to shut down nuclear and this will change the energy security situation, shutting down 17 nuclear power plants but the energy has to come from somewhere. There will be imports, but this is “really a golden age for natural gas in Germany”. There will be a need for back up capacities, and markets, if we have a time frame of 10 years to do all this, will we build up new gas generation combined with renewable.

President Medvedev

Dan Yergin

Alot of talk about increasing investment in pipelines across Europe and Russia. Creating a more stable investment climate in Russia, a central theme in the speech of Medvedev, but also in the CEO comments.

Neil Duffin, President, ExxonMobil Development, stresses the long term relationships of 20 years on these projects, and the requirement over the long term with government to make profit happen. Vladimir Bogdanov, General Director, Surgutneftegaz, stressing innovation and investment, stating a tremendous amount of capital is required. Protections in Russia over investment are at an all time high.

Indeed, Peter Voser, CEO, Royal Dutch Shell, investment is required all along the chain, and bringing in the latest technologies and contributing to the Russian economy, with partners and incentives, and wondering where the Russian state is headed over the next few years. Igor Sechin, I should mention, Deputy Minister of the Russian Federation, started the talks and suggested that the main method for developing their government calculations, would be the concept of strategic partnerships, and that contracts are being signed.

Well, now here we get to the rub:

BP CEO Bob Dudley

Responding to failed BP-Rosneft deal

Rosneft Oil Company awaits its strategic partner

Bob Dudley of BP is asked, “Why did the deal with Rosneft fail? [if we're so interested in strategic partnerships].” Dudley’s response is smooth, a smooth operator. He states, ”BP proposed a novel concept of cooperation, to pursue and develop the Arctic in strategic partnership [with Rosneft] and was not sucessful in reaching a set of commerical conditions [satisfactory] to all companies involved” …”But the concept was good for everyone involved…we remain solidly committed to Russian projects, we remain committed to partnerships…no new news on the subject, but BP remains committed to Russia.”

Taking the vote

The survey says

Now let’s have the Russian interpretation of what is going on:

Eduard Khudainatov, President of Rosneft Oil Company, sounds a little irked, actually. “Unfortunately BP did not close out the deal, not because of barriers of Russian government. Rosneft is pursuing the Arctic effort — pursuing negotiations — continues its search [to have in place a] strategic partner by the end of the year.”

Gazprom's Alexei Miller

Here, President Dmitry Medvedev, turned on his microphone, and added “This is cat and mouse, [and the question is] do you like the cat? Or probably you don’t like the cat very much! That is, you don’t like the investment climate very much … in Russia, we understand [Bob's comments] as new nuances, and understatements, by our foreign colleagues, we get a sense of what they don’t like, these innuendos should be explored [in more detail to flatten] out regulation”.

Okay, here’s the fun and games. All the CEOs take a vote on what oil prices will be next year: [check out the survey says image above].

Alexei Miller, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors, Gazprom, says he’s the best at predicting future oil prices, but that we are all out of time, and the meeting is over. He has the last word.

Outside "the room"

Outside "the room"

So. To round the day, I had a meeting with Alex Mikhailiants, from TNK-BP, who I mentioned yesterday. The exchange took place in his meeting room. The Forum, in Pavillion 7, has all these company meeting rooms. It doesn’t sound like much, but if you’re an American anthropologist, doing research on Russian oil companies, well, being invited into a meeting room is sort of a big deal. It’s just a room of course. But the symbolism of it all.

We exchanged a few interesting details about the Forum that I just reported on above, like for example, that the CEOs who spoke, were the only one’s allowed to speak, and that all of this is highly orchestrated in advance. I did not know that. And that in fact, while some execs wanted to have say, they were told “no” several days ago.

Inside the room with my tea

So, if you go back and read what I wrote — Medvedev was the only actor who could choose what and when to say. Also, Exxon won’t go after the Rosneft deal. And I sort of knew that. Exxon is over the board and not really a team player. That was my experience in Alaska at any rate, and Alex more or less stated the same applies across the board.

Anyway. Alex was totally cool, and we’ll be following up with him soon, as he’s invited me back to Moscow for a recon later this year. And there’s a conference on Arctic gas development in Moscow, so I want to be ready for that.



6/16: Later that evening – We decided to go to the Sting concert after all. I wasn’t quite sure what to expect. But in fact, I was surprised by the whole event, taking place in front of the Hermitage, in St. Petersburg, Russia, and the star quality of Sting the musician himself.

wading through past the crowd

Reuters News Agency's Irina Narodnitskaya

On the other side of the Barricade

The entire city was invited. And they showed up. But delegates of the Economic Forum had special privileges to pass into a space located near the stage.

There were tents with food and wine, et cetera. And you needed to have your badge or else no entry. Reuters News Agency’s Television Operations Superviser from Moscow, Irina Narodnitskaya and I waded through the mass crowd, which was difficult. Finally, we passed through the barricade, into the special zone. I couldn’t help taking a photo of the barricade and the mass of folks.

Sting

on stage

in front of the Forum crowd

Impressive indeed. I did not realize how well Sting performs. His voice is the same as if he was just a kid. And he’s in great shape.

St. Petersburg loved him. I was quite impressed with the Economic Forum. At first, I didn’t want to go, since I sort of knew Sting’s music, it was difficult for me to see the point of it all. But then, standing there, in the midnight sun, in front of the Hermitage, in St. Petersburg, listening to Sting, as part of the Cultural Program for the International Economic Forum, everything seemed to make sense to me. And I realized that this really was some great ethnography, and a spectacular evening in Russia.

The St. Petersburg International Economic Forum brought in a top star, as a guest for their guests, and the city as well. And I have to hand it to them, after a day of amazing meetings, this was just that kind of event that could put everything over the top.

6/16: Noon  
- Great internet reception inside the Forum, and I am going to attempt to report live as we’re going through.

ready, set

go

The big early event, which is just about to take place, is the Oil and Gas medium-term report produced by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

I just met with the panelists, all stationed in Paris, British David Fyfe, Head of Oil Industry and Markets Division, American Greg Frost, Head of the Press Unit, and Hungarian Laszlo Varro, Head of Division Gas, Coal and Power Markets.

Geoff Smith, Dow Jones Journalist

IEA's David Fyfe and Laszlo Varro

I’m sitting at this moment in the front row next to Geoffery Smith, Dow Jones journalist in London, Macro Economics, former Moscow Bureau Chief, sent wherever there’s a hole in the line, covering typically Eurozone situations, but sent here to fill in loose ends.

Geoff was covering Moscow from 2002-2007 and just gave me a great reference to another journalist working on oil and gas issues. When I asked Geoff what he looks for, he states that the main report on the IEA has been written up in the office, and that he looks for added value comments. Jeff mentioned to me that when he was covering energy issues — the Shtokman project was always rolling into the future at a 5 year expectation.

room at large

Speaking now is Nobuo Tanaka, Executive Director of IEA reading from a pre-written statement about the main points of their mid-term report. I asked Laszlo how they found themselves here in the first session, and he stated that while Russia is not a member of IEA, the country remains terribly important, especially in the area of communications on energy issues. Laszlo will be in Washington, D.C., next week presenting the report.

Nobuo is now talking about China, India and Middle East, and how demand is growing, referring to these countries as non-OECD and comparing to OECD markets, where demand is sluggish. “Continuous economic recovery will increase demand growth in the non-OECD markets” — “current significant risk of oil prices on current economic recovery” –

typing

writing

Everyone in the room is going crazy on their computers, writing up their notes, sending them out immediately, and the cameras are flashing everywhere. But people are still writing by hand! Okay, now David is speaking about Oil and Laszlo will be talking about gas. He comments about the drivers of oil prices, and that fundamentals don’t matter, and that exchange rates are driving things (conventional wisdom)- but in fact, empirical research suggests that causality flows from oil prices to exchange rates.

Talking about 65% of demand comes from transportation, oil remains the transportation fuel of choice, going through 2016. David doesn’t use any notes, just talking off the cuff, and delivering capacity numbers rattling off the top of his head — Natural gas liquids, becoming an increasingly important part of the mix [interesting! for the Shotkman project].

cameras

Okay, Laszlo is now speaking about Natural Gas: Gas production is exactly the level as it was before the financial crisis, 2008 [we're back on track!] — production increases in all areas. In North America, the “gas shale revolution” continues. Most prices are on an upward trend with the exception of North America, and that US and Canada remain “disconnected” from other markets.

Wow, Laszlo just mentioned that China is on the upswing of natural gas consumption in ways it never was before. More gas required. The total production of coal mining in China is greater than the total present global LNG capacity, suggesting that any change to coal in China will have deep ramifications for increased production and transportation of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas– cryogenically frozen for shipment by sea).

What is the gas demand implications of lower nuclear power in Japan and Germany? Answer: more gas. “Demand is growing in all sectors, but electricity dominates”. No news there. Two most important supply sources are Middle East and Former Soviet Union. Laszlo points out that Germany is “not an island” and surrounded by France and Central Europe, which have reiterated their committment to nuclear.

Natural gas production

Shtokman Liquefied Natural Gas expectation shown in dotted line

Laszlo doesn’t think that shale gas will be upended by environmental concerns, stressing that shale gas can happen without too much ado. However, the gas industry must take care, given that the ramp up in production has created stresses that the industry should be talking more seriously. Laszlo states that “Shtokman LNG, is a very, very difficult project, not operational in the next 5 years” — Jeff and I look at each other and laugh.

The IEA Oil and Gas Market Outlook report is available for sale on the website, but there are some copies of main ideas at the back. Question Time: “Preference for questions are given to journalists” Jeff asks the first question. Melissa Akin from Reuters asks the second question: Both questions have to do with whether Saudi Arabia will release more oil to lower the price of gas.

Melissa and Geoff writing for a deadline

Elena Zotova flashes her yellow press badge

Melissa originates from Nebraska and has been working in Moscow on oil and gas issues, as Senior Energy Correspondent for three years. I had a chance to debrief also with Elena Zotova from ANO TV Novosti, in Moscow. Elena is another journalist covering energy issues and has been keenly interested in finding out more about the Rosneft – BP development, which fell apart recently, and has opened space for Shell to intervene. But, she mentioned, so much of the information is secretive, nevertheless, there should be opportunities to get the info here at the Forum!

Terry Macalister

Instant Nobuo

Phew! After it was all over, we all flooded out into the main room, which has dark wood paneling looking like a law office. Geoff, Laszlo and I chat briefly, and then I head for a seat to gather my thoughts, next to yet another journalist! Terry Macalister, who works for the Guardian newspaper in England, which is still free to read on the internet, and who has just been given his award for his research on Arctic oil development.  Imagine that! We had a few things to say, considering we both work on the Arctic.

apple can't drop

Well, Okay. I’ll just walk into the US-Russian negotation room and see what’s going on there–  It’s a discussion on what has happened over the past 2 years since we all pressed the “Reset Button”. The American Ambassador to Russia, John Beyrle, is suggesting that economics is the baseline for the reset button. Investment rates between the two countries, US and Russia, are incredibly low. A key priority for the Obama administration is WTO membership for Russia – working through the final talks over the next several days, getting close to the finish line. It will result in huge reductions in service sector tariffs, help reduce costs, operate more efficiently, reductions could increase GDP by 14 percent.

reading a novel while the ambassador speaks

Also, the US is concluding a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) – to protect cross border investment and protect investors. In three weeks, US and Russia expect to sign a visa deal that would provide a three-year travel visa for business and tourism without invitations. Hm. okay, well, the room is absolutely jammed, and I am sitting in the back hooked up to the wall for electricty sitting next to someone who seems to be totally ignoring the goings on and reading a novel.

Andrew Summers, President of American Chamber of Commerce in Russia, representing 700 companies, is bullish over the future of American companies working in Russia.

I need to go outside for some air. Oh My Lord! Its Alexander Mikhailiants, my Hero! (and former speech writer for Robert Dudley) – Holy smokes! I’m so happy to see the man. Alex is the reason for how I found myself at the Forum!

Alexander Mikhailiants - executive at TNK-BP

Pavillion 7 - from same spot on the balcony as last year

As I have written in this very blog (scroll down), Alex and I originally met in Houston at the Cambridge Energy Week conference, in 2010, and he suggested if Arctic was my interest, then I have to come here to the Forum!

Alex has held various titles at TNK-BP, including Advisor to the CEO, International Affairs (when he was assisting R. Dudley). Wow. What a great coincidence. We’ve just planned to meet tomorrow at 5PM for drinks and more discussion — in the TNK-BP meeting room in Pavillion 7 — the super polished pavillion with Gazprom installation and everything else.

Phew! Never leave fun to have fun.

Brad Cook, Bloomberg Journalist

Brouhaha Brewing over Cberbank

Brad hugs fellow journalist Alexander Kolyander, Wall Street Journal

Well, I’m stumbling across Pavillion 7, and there really is some kind of brouhaha going on, with a bunch of journalists crammed into one corner, near the Sberbank exhibit.

What is that!? Brad Cook, big wig at Bloomberg News has just informed me that Chief Executive Officer German Gref of Russia’s largest bank, Cberbank, is about to make an important announcement. Brad, is actually from Portland, been here for years, started up the Bloomberg office several years ago, when there were only four persons and now they’re up to 20 staff. 

Cberbank CEO German Gref

The Booms directed toward the CEO

He got a real kick out of my project, or at least the way I described it, stating there aren’t enough anthropologists these days covering exactly what I’m studying.

In fact, he gave me the name of another Bloomberg journalist, Anna Shiryaevskaya, with whom I should meet to discuss arctic energy issues, and I just sent her an email, because in fact, we were corresponding last year, so it will be fantastic to meet up with her here. 

Well, it certainly is a journalist pile-up, especially as German showed up. I have found myself trapped in the thick of things, and have just now barely escaped. The fact is I’m hungry. My new favorite spot is the balcony, which is where I use to hang out last year and all the good food is located. 

Passing the Gazprom Exhibit

Getting a snack

Exchanging business cards

There seems to be a lot happening around Gazprom. But I’m going to keep focused on the food. Lucky for me, because I have just bumped into Woodward Clark Price. That’s right – Director of Russia and Central Asia for the the National Security Council, The White House. Our White House in the US of A. Can you imagine? I nearly took a photo of him, but it didn’t seem like the right thing to do, and since I wanted to leave a good impression, I just introduced myself. We exchanged business cards.

I thought his card looked totally cool, and I told him so. He thanked me for the compliment. Can you imagine, having “The White House” printed on your business card, next the word “Director” and the phrase “National Security Council”. Wow. That must be some kind of job.

Pavillion 4

Pavillion 6 - the Press Hall

Pavillion 8 -- Internet Knowedge Cafe

I’ll end the day with a few parting shots. These are taken around the Pavillions. In retrospect, it’s a good idea to visit an event like this a few times, you see different things, meet new folks.



6/15: I had a rather unusual day. First, it was pouring buckets, and I realized that the only garment I required, a trench coat, was somehow left lying on my bed back in Berkeley, not having made it into my luggage. After getting soaked, I ducked into an underground market, and purchased an umbrella, only to find that when I came out from the shelter, that the rain had stopped, and I would be stuck carrying around this “zontik” (as they say in Russian), the rest of the day.

In many ways, the confusion was a precursor for what would occur next. Let me begin with some background:

Oleg Kharkhordin, Rector at European University in St. Petersburg, speaking last year at the Forum

About a year or so ago, when I began this project, maybe longer than that, I contacted — in reference to conducting research in Russia — a brilliant sociologist by the name of Oleg Kharkhordin. Oleg, if I may be so informal, received his PhD from UC Berkeley and wrote a masterful book about the individual and the collective in Soviet society.

The introduction was really quite impressive, especially his delicate treatment of secondary analyses of the work of Michel Foucault, at the hands of Paul Rabinow, the latter an anthropologist at Berkeley, and a member on Oleg’s PhD committee. I remember reading a draft chapter of his dissertation, while in my first year as a graduate student at Berkeley.

Oleg went on to become the Rector at the European University in St. Petersburg, Russia, one of the finest universities around. And — if judged by how many Economic Forum attendees in striped suits were moving through his office, while I sat in the waiting room — he appears to be quite important .

When I intially contacted him, after I received my grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to extend my research from Alaska into Russia and Norway, Oleg demured, in large part, because he had just taken on the new role of Rector. He was also in initial conversations with other universities, so the timing wasn’t great to entertain collaborations with new universities (I was at Arizona at the time) and especially on my research — which was potentially controversial, because it tread on issues having to do with matters of the nation-state.

Waiting room for the Rector

Painting in the waiting room of the Rector

And it’s true, my project focuses on knowledge flows surrounding the construction of desire for developing the Shtokman natural gas field in the Barents Sea, which is a priority for Vladimir Putin, and which has experienced something of a set back, in part, because the Russian sector was late to take seriously, as everyone else was, the importance of unconventional natural gas development in the United States, which increased gas reserves and production enormously, and by default, called into jeopardy, one of the main marketing components of the offshore Barents Sea project (shipments of liquefied natural gas to the United States).

It’s a long story, but the short of it is, that my project was exploratory, it still is exploratory — and at the time, it didn’t seem like a great fit to be dinkering around with from Oleg’s perspective.

Brass shingle indicating University location

Front door near shingle

Well, jump forward a year, and here I am esconced back at UC Berkeley, still plying my trade, wandering the landscape with my little project –

And lo, Oleg invites me to meet with him. I walk into his office, expecting to beat about the bush, and here he tells me that his university has just been awarded a grant from Exxon and possibly a second from BP and in fact, they need someone who does social sciences of energy, so please immediately, send over my CV and articles, so we can get the can kicking down the road.

Street near door

Bober kissing koshka

As you can imagine, as he shook my hand, stating we’d see each other at the Forum, I grabbed my umbrella and walked out dumbfounded. Let’s see what’s next.



metro lighting

6/14: I went to see Goar Shaginyan, one of the handlers at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF). Each guest is assigned a handler to answer questions, solve problems, et cetera. Goar was frightfully busy so I didn’t detain her.

On the way, I took notice of the type of lighting in the St, Petersburg metro. Flourescent lights, sodium lamps, green (?) lights, reflected and direct lighting. The foot-candle illumination of the St. Petersburg metro system has got to be pretty high– you can read a book by it, and possibly thread a needle.

Metro Lighting

The SPIEF materials are available on Facebook, with a video interview of Petersburg Governor Valentina Matviyenko discussing its significance.

There are also sound bytes from experts anticipating events to take place, including resolution of a proposed joint proposal between two oil giants, British Petroleum, headed up by Robert Dudley, and the Russian concern, Rosneft.

Chatting with Goar, I learned of two types of SPIEF participation: Package-One and Package-Two. If you’re important, you get Package-One, which is access to everything. If you’re less important, like me, you get Package-Two, which provides access with restrictions.

light to read

The Minister for Economic Development, Elvira Nabiullina, decides the participation of each person with a “stamp” (the word Goar used).

For example, I cannot attend the first Plenary Session, with key note speeches by Dmitry Medvedev, President of the Russia and Hu Jintao, President of China. However, I can attend the second Plenary Session, with an address again by Medvedev.

Along with Medvedev, there will be addresses by Tarja Halonen, President of Finland, Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan, and Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, Prime Minister of Spain. I’m looking forward to being in the same room with Medvedev.

Goar didn’t know what distinguishes between the two packages, but suggested that I publish more articles and maybe the Minister would reconsider next time.

Most of Package-One meetings will be broadcast through media, so I should be able to cover everything I wanted to attend. I left Goar to her last minute details.




Accrediting at Hotel Continental

6/13Today, I went to get accredited for the Forum. Attending the event requires an invitation from the organizing committee (which I received), then, getting an ID badge. This requires printing out a confirmation receipt with bar code, and passport in hand– and checking in at one of the booths.

Last year I checked in at the airport — blew in, felt like a star! Forum staff spotted me and did the rigmarole. Impressive indeed.

This year, I wanted to wander around the city to see where an elite would go, to get accredited. Well, the short answer, is that the spaces of accreditation feel Western, global, entreprenurial and priviledged. The Forum has since created the double badge identification card. One result is that I have to wear a landyard around my neck, as I won’t be able to clip two badges on my suit.

Hotel Europa

Difficult not to feel the excitement of the Forum by way of the volunteers. I spoke with several accreditation staff, and it is an elaborate process to volunteer. They take written exams to test what responses to give to questions from attendees.

They are instructed to state that the Petersburg Forum is the “Davos of Russia” —  (world economic forum in Switzerland).

Anthropology passes as a kind of tourism. I travel, look at things, take photographs, get excited about meeting people, eat food, stay in hotels and take a shower.

Spaces of Accreditation

Spaces of Tourism

Sometimes, I notice the spots on the tourist map, like the Hermitage where Russia keeps its artistic treasures, or stumble onto exhibits in parks.






6/8: These days, it is fashionable to use the phrase space of exception to refer to an experience outside of time and structure. The phrase was coined by Giorgio Agamben, to refer to the power of government in creating spaces that strip the political rights from persons (e.g., concentration camps, Guantanamo), placing them in a state of limbo.

barefoot

The Terminal

Friends often invoke the idea, space of exception, when traveling through an airport — in reference to strip searches and security cameras that dismantle a person’s rights within the space of transit.

It is easy to forget that the originary formula for space of exception is the word Liminality. Liminality means just that, a liminal or limbo state, outside of structure. It refers to the work of Arnold Van Gennep (1909), who years ago noted the importance of Rites of Passage, suggesting that ritual practice is a form of transition marking three phases: separation, margin (signifying threshold or liminality) and aggregation.



6/6: I obtained my Russian Visa from Russian Travel.

Jay Jay

Andrey displays my visa










6/2: Gearing up for St. Petersburg:

  1. Village of Teriberka: Proposed Terminal for the Shtokman Gas Field.
  2. Key Categories of Individuals: Consultant Experts, Journalists, Executives, Government Officials, Academics, Financial Experts, Administrative Handlers.
  3. Key Analytical Categories: Russian Vanguard/Rear Guard; Norweigian-Russian Relations; Russian-Consultant Relations.
  4. Aesthetics and Art: Knowledge, Technocracy and Gesture.
  5. Meaning Created at the Site Itself: Davos of Russia.
  6. Securing the Body: Enhancing Corporeal Safety.

Energy Pavillion Plan

Chatting

Last year’s St. Petersburg International Economic Forum resembled a theme park.

Maps are available in pavillions to guide you with well known markers.

In the energy pavillion I found four points that seemed cardinal: Chess LoungeInternet Knowledge CafeGazprom installation; Russian financial concern, SberbankIn between a lot of things happen– art installations, closed meeting rooms for executives, journalist booths, chatting, wandering, reading newspapers, drinking wine.

Chess Lounge

Knowledge Cafe

Both the chess and internet lounges are spaces of silent conversation– stationary locations, but still wandering consciously– across a boardgame or via internet.

Two other brash coordinates mark the boundary of this pavillion: Sberbank and Gazprom.

It’s difficult to say why I took these photos. It seems remarkable to me now that I did not focus on the Gazprom installation. My only image is from the balcony over looking the pavillion.

Sberbank

Gazprom

The installations did not seem to match the pavillion map. I was often confused, but excited by all the things going on as I passed through these spaces.




6/1: I went through my Oslo Energy Forum contacts to see who would be attending in St. Petersburg. Awaiting replies.



5/31: I had a great conversation with Mr. J., a handler for BP CEO Bob Dudley in London. I wanted to schedule a meet and greet with Bob in St. Petersburg. Mr. J. mentioned the possibility that Bob would be milling or he might simply run in and out.



5/19: Visa. I need a Russian Visa. Last year, I obtained a Visa via mail through Russian Connections Travel, located in San Francisco. This year, I collected my things and paid a visit to the company – in person.

Jay Jay

Visa Office

The entrance to Russian Connections Travel is as close as you can get to the corner of Powell and Geary streets, at Union Square, without spilling over into the street. The first person you encounter inside the pre-war marble lobby is Jay Jay.

He signs you in and directs you to your destination. I’m a fan of novelist Dashiel Hammett, and the building fits a common description of haunts frequented by Samuel Spade, a central character in Hammett’s work of the 1920s and 30s hard boiled detective novels.

Upon arrival, Andrey Zakharenko, scolded me mildly for screwing up the visa application but was jocular over my aplomb and never blinked when I retook his photo several times, because of back lighting. A Moscovite, Andrey referred to me as a “rarity” — someone born in San Francisco who still lives here.

Sam Spade-like stairwell

Andrey Zakharenko - Russian visa master

In the short time that we exchanged bawdy comments, I came to realize that here was a guy who pretty much sized me up within a few minutes of my passing over to him a passport, photos, application and check. It’s that way sometimes.


5/18: I just received confirmation from Goar Shaginyan about participation at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. I also bought the jet plane ticket to Russia. Exasperating. I sat continually pressing the purchase link only to be denied the least expensive flight. I gave in and purchased something in the mid range.

invitation

invitation

Today I’m going to San Francisco for my visa. I should point out that getting into the Forum is a big deal once you get inside Russia. An entire area of St. Petersburg is cordoned with security police. Therefore, you must be accredited in advance, at various points in the city.

Last year, Alexandra Karamanova and I blew into St. Petersburg’s Pulkovo airport and were accredited right there at the terminal. It was superb. Directly out of customs, we noticed a young woman dressed in white and blue with a red scarf (colors of the Russian flag) waving to us, recognizing we were Americans, and asking us if we were heading to the Forum. At the time, I was oblivious to the attention that was unfolding directly in front of me as I hauled off the jet plane.

Banners

Accrediting at Pulkovo

Alex and Security

Yet, as we approached the city by taxi we realized how securitized the event was and we thanked our stars that all was settled at Pulkovo.

Banners hang across the city advertising the event. In truth only a tiny fraction of city residents attend. This year, I’ll be arriving a few days earlier than when the accreditation begins at the airport. I’ll have to visit a hotel site instead.


5/17: I was sitting around this evening when a buzz came over my I-Phone and I noticed the country code originating from Russia. It was a midnight call from Goar Shaginyan, letting me know that I’d been invited to attend the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. Goar was so totally pleasant and I was in such a good mood. She had called earlier explaining that it would be another two weeks before the Forum organizers came to any conclusions about my invitation, and then lo, within a few hours, she called back wishing me a safe journey to Russia.

Goar Shaginyan (L), organizer for St. Pete's Economic Forum

I first heard about this event while attending CERA week in Houston, North America’s mega exclusive energy event. I was chatting with Alexander Mikhailiants, former speech writer for Robert Dudley, when the latter was heading up the Russian-British joint venture oil company TNK-BP. Alexander quite specifically stated to me that if expertise and arctic gas was my interest, then I would have to pay a visit to the Petersburg Forum. Alexander has held various titles at TNK-BP, including Advisor to the CEO, International Affairs (when he was assisting R. Dudley).

Alexander Mikhailiants of TNK-BP

My talk with Alexander was the first with a Russian oil company executive about my developing research. Our meeting took place by chance. I had snapped a photo of a computer display that uses a security bar code. CERA conference participants use their identification badge as a key. The image was intended to capture the mix of security, computer access and corporate logo — but I realized that my photo captured the face of a client. I asked permission to keep the photo, and Alexander replied in the affirmative. I noticed his Russian accent, so I introduced myself.

I explained my project by showing him a poster presentation that I was able to access on the internet right there through the computer. Alexander was polite, intrigued and invited me to explain further. I mentioned that the previous CEO of his company, Robert Dudley had agreed to meet me in London to which he became excited and requested that I show him the actual email invitation.

After reading my email exchange with Dudley, Alexander stated that indeed — what I had was “real access”. He then explained that he had been Dudley’s speech writer and that I should pass on his regards. He nodded in the direction that we walk outside, indicating he wanted to smoke as well as explain to me the intrigue behind TNK-BP’s relationship with the Russian government.

invitation request

We sat down on patio chairs, across from two Cambridge Energy employees, who engaged us with small talk. Catching the hint that Alexander wanted to speak privately, they excused themselves as if they had already intended to leave.

Alexander explained the stumbling blocks of my project. He personally understood what I was attempting to carry out. His grasp of my exploratory idea, he explained, was a measure of his having been educated in America, and then picked up by TNK-BP while working for a consulting firm that placed foreign companies at the disposal of Russian business groups. In reality, few people in industry would understand what I’m doing. In fact, most would be down right suspicious, especially government, which was occupied by middle aged officials.

He’s most likely correct. Nevertheless, I’ve been able to manage thus far. It could be that representatives of the Russian government and industry just don’t see what I’m doing as important. The fairly straight forward manner in which I represent my project is evidence. My letter submitted to the Organizers of the St. Petersburg Forum layes out the topic in plain terms (see above).

Robert Dudley, Honcho for BP appearing on St. Pete's website

Returning to my conversation with Alexander, he opined that BP is sensitive to stakeholders (defined quite broadly as civil society), while Russian companies –no names mentioned — typically tend toward dictating terms.

He suggested I contact journalists, NGO groups and possibly the New School of Economics in Moscow. He gave me his business card, and wrote down his personal email address suggesting we stay in touch.

I’ve got to send an email to Robert Dudley, current head of British Petroleum. As I mentioned, last year at this time, I was supposed to see him in London. Before I arrived, there was the terrible oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, and Robert was called away to handle the disaster. Robert will be giving a key-note at the St. Petersburg Forum, and the organizers have splashed his photo on the website.

Press image of the new Holmenkollen ski jump

Oslo Energy Forum at Holmenkollen Hotel -- an image of the new state-of-the-art ski jump serving as a seriously brooding back drop at dinner speeches

I noticed also another one of my friends will be giving a key note: Helge Lund, CEO of Statoil, Norway’s largest oil company. I first met Helge — a few months ago at the Oslo Energy Forum taking place at the high-end Holmenkollen Hotel, perched on top of Oslo next to the fully remodeled Holmenkollen ski jump.

Helge and I chatted.

I plan to devote a few posts to the Oslo Energy Forum — Europe’s oil and gas watering hole, by invitation only and costing $14000 to attend. In fact, Robert Dudley had spoken at the Forum one year previously. But as I said, I’ll come back to that event in a full blown manner.

Helge's calling card - with the Statoil head of Russia

Helge Lund, appearing on St. Pete's website

I expressed curiousity to Helge about who had taken over as the new head of Statoil in Russia, and he promptly wrote down the name Jan Helge Skogen, with an invitation to contact him so that he could make the connection.

Last year, we had met Bengt Hansen, then president of Russian Statoil, a generous guy who gave us quite a bit of time in his Moscow office. We were introduced to Bengt by Ivar Tangen, previous chair of Oslo Energy Forum, who we met in Oslo a few weeks prior. And here is something funny, after our meeting with Bengt: In Moscow, we actually bumped into him in a restaurant — in the middle of Moscow. Can you imagine? How crazy is that?

Alex preparing to meet with Bengt Hansen, then President of Statoil, Russia

I always laugh at the memory. I had actually bumped into Bengt on my way out of the bathroom. There we were within eye shot of Alexandra Karamanova, who promptly hopped out of her seat and ran over so that the three of us looked like the best of buddies. I loved that. And I should add here, that when I was in Oslo in February, I was chastized at the dinner table by my neighbor, another Statoil heavy weight, who scolded me for not having crashed, er, gone to Bengt’s retirement party in Moscow. I had the address and had laid down an on-going bet with Alex about whether to go. I was told that the party was a buffet.

Alexandra Karamanova at St. Pete's Economic Forum 2010

Oh well. Admittedly, we were a little wide-eyed last year when we attended all these events, roaming the Russian landscape as paparazzi neophytes. Speaking of which, we’ll miss Alex on this trip. She was so dog-gone helpful and hilarious to-boot. She’s playing with the Arizona team, and since my relocation to Berkeley (Go Bears!), all my NSF funds will be spent in-house.

I’ll keep adding to this posting. I want to capture all the little doo-das, from the visa permit to the what nots– all the imponderability associated with what it actually takes to mingle with — well, I was about to say the not-so-famous, but we might have to correct that soon, to something more suitable for this particular occasion, perhaps the not-yet-so-famous but still, the Davos (World Economic Forum) of Russia.


5/10: We attended last year and ran into Daniel Yergin along with representatives of media, moguls, and stars.

2010 St. Pete's Forum

Beautiful People

Future Visions

Click-to-enlarge these photos to appreciate the conspicuous status, ambition and wealth that permeates from the symbols in these images.The middle image has a white Mercedes in the background — technologies of the future.

To be allowed into the Economic Forum we need an invitation. To get an invitation, we need to sign up on the website and then hope the organizers consider our participation worthy of such an esteemed event. As part of our pitch, we include a letter from the faculty chair requesting participation (see above). Then, we call and speak directly with the organizers.

The event, as described to me several times by western executives represents a visit to kiss the ring. Here, they refer to a feeling that to conduct business in Russia, western CEOs have to be on their best behavior with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy (with Alex)

Russian and French Presidents cozy style

Russian President Dimitry Medvedev

Last year’s event was spectacular as these photos demonstrate. Yes, that’s right. There we are in the same room with two World Leaders!

On the last day, we attended speeches by Russian president Dimitry Medvedev and French president Nicolas Sarkozy. Sarkozy, btw, decided to throw away his written notes provided to him by his aides, and speak off the cuff. It was the most jumbled set of ideas and expressions ever placed into perfect English translation. Notice in these photos, by the way, the emphasis on modernity by reference to a Russian Imperial past. The background mural on the stage, and for that matter, the entire Forum surroundings as depicted on the murals of the pavillions is a projected image of Peterhof palace (Petrodvorets) — a famous residence of Russian Tsars on the Finland coast.












  • Technology Transfer …

  • To Paddington Station …











No. 1 — Technology Transfer …












My current research in northern Europe and Russia, an approach different from what I undertook for the North American Arctic, began from email exchanges with the Russian natural gas guru, Director of Oxford Energy Institute, Jonathan Stern.





















































Actually, prior to this — as my initial purpose for contacting Stern — I stumbled across a curious set of quotes from work on the Russian natural gas industry development written during the late 1980s — fascinating for by Stern’s telling, the corporeal body of Western expertise remained in “the West”.











And it transfixes because of the question the sentence raises: what form of Western expertise circulates into Russia on the topic of natural gas development prior to the 1990s, if it is not the body of the Western expert?


Stern states:

As far as the Soviet domestic industry is concerned, I would suggest that the Soviet authorities will be extremely reluctant to allow Western Personnel on Soviet soil, particularly for a project such as the construction of a large-scale pipeline” (124).


Today, Western experts travel through into Russia — on Soviet soil — and provide advice on various manners of the natural gas industry. The corporeality of Western expertise, the actual body of the natural gas energy expert is the topic of my research, and its circulation within Russia. For this reason, I became fascinated by the kind of language used by Stern, to describe the circulation of Western expertise into Russia – without the body of the expert. Here are some examples:


It is argued that irrespective of current technology transfer, however, ‘more American exploration and exploration equipment for maximal development of the Samotlor fields in West Siberia and potential reserves in East Siberia onshore and offshore may be a critical requirement” (152, emphasis mine).


and again,


There are certain key areas in which Western technology does play an important role. For the gas industry, straight purchase of large-diameter pipe and compressor station units continue to be of immense importance…” (150, emphasis mine).


and,


The imported technology and hard currency that such development would contribute to the Soviet economy was one incentive, and this was backed by the realization that, without Western assistance, ten to fifteen years would be added to the lead times for bringing the east Siberian deposits into projection” (117, emphasis mine).


In the following quotes, notice the emphasis on material technology transfer:


Italy has been receiving Soviet gas since 1974 in return for steel pipe deliveries from [the company] Findsider” (105, emphasis mine).


Many Western contractors are involved in the project, with much of the pipe coming from West Germany and Japan” (78, emphasis mine).


It is doubtful whether Soviet capacity to manufacture large-diameter pipe can expand at a sufficiently rapid rate to meet the increasing demand. The inference must be that in the future, as in the past, they will rely to a large extent on imports of these materials from the West” (74, emphasis mine).



All the gas currently exported to Western Europe is in exchange for deliveries of pipeline and gas field equipment” (49, emphasis mine).

In Short

      • technology transfer
      • key areas [of] Western technology
      • imported technology
      • Western assistance
      • steel pipe deliveries
      • pipe coming from West Germany and Japan
      • materials from the West
      • deliveries of pipeline and gas field equipment


…without the body.














































No. 2 — To Paddington Station …







I remember quite distinctly the several hours before my first meeting with Jonathan, when we had just flown into London.


A driver from Howard Swiss Hotel met us at the airport. Through to London, we passed the cheaper bed and breakfasts recalling my previous visits, either alone, with friends or with my father and now grateful that on this trip I was released from those shoddy rooms.







Settled, we walked up the Victoria Embankment along the river, past Cleopatra’s needle, then up through Trafalgar Square past the National Museum through Piccadilly Circus and China town, before finding a pub for dinner. We returned by way of Covent Garden. The town was buzzing. A hot afternoon with a throng. We didn’t respond to the crowds and architecture and in fact, we didn’t sleep much, waking at 4AM, watching a film.

The next morning we walked over Millennium Bridge, past the Tate Modern along the river to breakfast at the Roast on Stoney Rd., a recommendation from the Concierge. Having coffee, I began unpacking the style of my thinking.

And soon realized, we were running late.



We were seated in Café Rizzata at Paddington Station, when Jonathan walked up to shake my hand, and then stated he would grab something to drink from the vendor. As I watched him at the counter, I had to remind myself that I had carried out this exact scene across the span of my life hundreds of times — meeting with a person to discuss the project.


What is the project? What is my project?


Perhaps the meeting itself, an experimental exchange in which a guest is invited to discuss the very idea, for which there is no determinacy.

And in this moment, I recalled instantly how entering into a lecture hall to give a talk, has never made me nervous — nervous in the way, right then watching Jonathan return to our table, and as we began speaking, that I began wondering: “what is this idea?”


In a conversation between Shatov and Nikolai Stavrogin from Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Demons, Shatov states: “Can’t I see by your face that you’re at grips with some awesome new thought?”

He continues, explaining to Stavrogin, about the power of an expression used by the latter several years before: “there was a teacher uttering immense words, and there was a disciple who rose from the dead. I am that disciple and you are the teacher.” Shatov continues: “It is hard to change gods. I did not believe you then because I did not want to believe… but the seed [the idea] remained and grew” (emphasis mine).

Stavrogin replies in various ways: “I was not joking with you then, either; in persuading you, I was perhaps more concerned with myself than with you.”  Stavrogin again: “If I had a belief, I would no doubt repeat it now as well; I wasn’t lying, speaking as a believer…but I assure you that this repetition of my past thoughts produces an all too unpleasant impression on me.” And finally, “On the contrary, with your ardent words you’ve revived many extremely powerful recollections in me. I recognize in your words my own state of mind two years ago…[which]…even seems to me that they were still more exceptional, still more absolute….”

I met with Jonathan two weeks later in Oslo, at the Petrosams workshop sponsored by the Research Council of Norway, and then nearly six months later at Holmenkollen, at the Oslo Energy Forum.


Prior to all of these meetings, but certainly after reading his books, we had several exchanges over email where my topic of Western expertise in Russia began to take shape.











Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu





June 1: I headed over to Cazneau Group in Sausalito to talk about next moves for establishing a UC Berkeley Global Gas Center. Previously, we recieved a proposal from them to run a Colab for fund raising and  business plan activity. Colab – Great Idea. But cost was high. After brainstorming, Kim Schilling suggested I meet with Cazneau CEO Tony Hayward. I was nervous. Tony was totally cool, but I know next to nothing about raising money.

I wrote lots of notes, and drafted an email for their review. When we agreed on the contents, I forwarded it to my partners, Dan Kammen and Michael Watts.

Meanwhile, Dan K. was back East, talking with Royal Dutch about a potential funding opportunity. When I was in Norway in February, I had an opportunity to listen to Malcolm Brinded, Executive Director Upstream International, Member of the Board, for Royal Dutch Shell plc. Brian’s address as printed on his business card is a PO Box at the The Hague, The Netherlands.

Brian seemed quite concerned about natural gas, as if Coal was getting the upper hand. His talk was quite well received. The man appears formidable in public, as a leader. I was lucky to share an exchange with him over drinks, but I do not recall what we discussed. Everyone enjoyed his talk and I’ve posted it here: Malcolm Brinded Opening Remarks on gas




May 18: Our latest proposal (Kammen, Watts, Mason): Center for Global Natural Gas Draft Proposal

May 9: Cazneau Group in Sausalito responds with a proposal for assisting in developing a Global Natural Gas Center at UC Berkeley.

April 22: We met with Cazneau Group in Sausalito for a brainstorming session on creating a Global Natural Gas Center at UC Berkeley.

The Cazneau Group is a collaboration solutions group that catalyzes individuals and organizations toward strategic partnerships. They do so primarily by creating a space for both experimental conversation and social interaction. They are caretakers for indeterminacy. The principals behind the Gas Center – Dan Kammen, Michael Watts and me (Arthur Mason)– are working with Cazneau’s team members, Founder and Director Jeff Hamaoui and Kim Schilling to create a new object of social, political and science exploration. Our meeting on April 22nd produced a lot of Eureka moments.

Energy Czar


























The Pitch


























The Exchange


























Eureka Formenting


























Social Entrepreneur -- Jeff Hamaoui


























The Academics




  • My description — Maturity and Expansion

(1) The natural gas industry is a large maturing energy system. Current users are both inheritors and descendents. As inheritors we act similar to feudal aristocrats who became dependent upon a form of energy capture (traditional feudal society), without questioning the rationality or vulnerability of a system for which they did not create. As descendents we are caretakers of a techno-ontological system whose added-value takes a specific form. As Marx said, we create history in conditions not of our choosing.

(2) This system opened recently because of changes in industry restructuring. The self-enclosed aspects of a government-sponsored structured risk environment has given way to a competitive risk environment. These changes have overturned the heirarchy of social relations in the industry. What were once considered primary players (pipeline and energy companies) have become an older segment of industry. This older segment can no longer compete effectively alongside a newer segment of industry (marketing), without identifying new forms for understanding how the industry now operates. What has taken place then, is a need for what I call social technologies (scenario planning, workshops) that can provide information on navigating these new uncertainties.

  • Dan Kammen’s description — Legible Idea of Natural Gas:

Dan Kammen points out that natural gas in recent years has become visible — actually visible to a variety of energy users and politicians. This has taken place primarily through the shale gas hydrofracturing technique which is increasing supply outside of traditional supply areas. The effect has also contributed to a delinking of gas from oil in energy markets. The visible result can be seen in upstate New York, where seismic trucks now travel the same roads as school buses, creating potential dangers of traffic accidents that were unheard a few years ago. Politicians spanning from the ultra right to ultra left are coming to view natural gas as a future fuel, similar to the way nuclear power in the 1950s was thought of as too cheap to meter. That is, natural gas is creating an imagined community of energy users, creating alliances based on projections of unlimited fossil fuel use. In this way, natural gas can be understood as a legible idea that serves as an applied force that centralizes ideas, activities and authorities around some specially focused visible entity (e.g., natural gas).


  • Michael Watts’ description — Efficiency Idea of Natural Gas:

Michael Watts suggests that natural gas is a particular type of Gordian knot that entangles together all matters of intellectual ideas, practical activities, ontologies, fabulous geographies and social authorities. Through natural gas, the mind wanders across new frontiers, quantitative numbering schemes, relations of supply and demand, hop, stitches and jumps from Norway to Ghana and then disappears altogether. Darkly matters become revealed through whispering secrets while fantastic conflicts become mere suspicions. In this latter sense then, natural gas serves as an efficiency idea that accomplishes the task of coordination through the diffusion of certain intellectual ideas, practical activities and social authorities across society. As an applied force and diffusive force both ideas (Legibility and Efficiency) are distinct types of social power whose aim is to generate and intensify power (both social and natural) through coordination (e.g., of humans, of ideas, of power, of things).


Working Documents:

Draft under current discussion: Center for Global Natural Gas dated April 30
Memo for second meeting with Cazneau: Memo dated April 22
Email response from Jeff Hamaoui to first meeting: March 18 feedback
Memo for first meeting with Cazneau: Memo dated March 17



Early Documents:
Earlier attempts to create a North American Energy Transition Center at Arizona State University. Drs. Clark Miller, Mike Pasqualetti, and myself. We received funds from the Canadian Embassy to host a workshop and I drafted an NSF proposal which was not funded.

Canadian Embassy Grant for Energy Workshop – 2008

Energy Transition Participant List at Workshop - 2009
Follow-up National Science Foundation proposal 2009

















T O T E N K O P F
Island








From Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow



























































Internal Empires

  • Hidden techno-scientific infrastructure
  • Secret charts and maps
  • Sequestered knowledge workers
  • Surrounded by water
  • Local inhabitants unaware
  • Mad scientists









World of Tomorrow #1































































































K O D I A K
Island





My first ever glimpse at an island of inland empire occurred when I flew over Kodiak Island, Alaska, and saw below me Terror Lake. It was a dam built directly in the center of the island to provide hydro electric power to Islanders. I was an anthropologist interviewing island residents about their relationship to culture and history.

When I saw Terror Lake, I realized that that something was going on behind my back. A vast techno-scientific plot, an economic schema that afforded me the bio-capability for interviewing my informants during winter, in a warm room, with “lights on” and electricity for my recorder.














































































World of Tomorrow #2
– Kodiak’s Terror Dam













I became aware of the existence of Islands of Inland Empire.















































































Terror-Dam











T E R I B E R K A





I took the photos below at the Gazprom installation at the St. Petersburg Economic Forum in St. Petersburg, Russia. They depict a model of the proposed Teriberka Liquefied Natural Gas installation, a futuristic techno-scientific off-loading facility for developing the arctic off-shore Shtokman energy project.




World of Tomorrow #3











































































It is a world of tomorrow, an Arctic Inland Empire.

These are images of a modern world hidden at the very center of remote islands. Their technological wonder is unknown to anyone, especially the villagers living along the shores of these inland empires.






























Teriberka is located along the Arctic Barents Sea in Russia. It took us 5 hours to drive from Murmansk. Villagers live amidst modern day ruins. They also live in expectation that the Shtokman off-shore energy project will bring a new modernity:














































































































Toward a new modernity:
The following are a set of maps and charts — a future of development ensures Teriberka’s fate. A village, cast off to the side of the road, making room for the space of modernity.

































































































































The Future as seen from Space.











































And all at the center of an international agreement:




























C R A B – K E Y
Island



One of the more famous examples of an Inland Empire derives from the James Bond movie, Doctor No. In this film, a seemingly beautiful island paradise, Crab Key Island, is the location for a notoriously sinister Dr. No, who has installed an ultra, ultra modern facility directly in the center of the island.

The Facility of Dr. No located in the center of Crab Key





The entire island is simply a mask for the techno-scientific form.







Crab Key















James Bond arrives to Crab Key Island





























































































“Vast Complexity” of inland empires requires they employ many types of knowledge workers — architects important at the design phase, engineers ensuring the facility operates at maximum specification of reliability, less skilled workers responsible for mundane functions which still require sober attitudes.










D R. M O R E A U ‘ S
Island


I wouldn’t be surprised if inspiration for 20th century inland empires comes from 19th century novel by H. G. WellsThe Island of Dr. Moreau. 


In that book, which I have not read, but there have been many film adaptations, another mad scientist tries his hand at god-like creations.





























T E R M I N U S
Island


World of Tomorrow #4



























































In the video game created for Sony Playstation titled Skies of Deception the final battle takes place on an Island of Inland Empire. 

Aurelia is a peaceful nation whose northern neighbor, Leasath under the command of Diego Gaspar Navarro invades the country. Leasath’s advanced superweapon – the Gleipnir Flying Fortress decimates the Aurelian military.

Gryphus Squadron, led by ace fighter pilot Gryphus 1 is Aurelia’s last hope for liberating the country. The final battle takes place at Terminus island.









































Island of Inland Empire


Cobalt Cave
The Aurelian Navy infiltrates the compound to disable the Fenrir Optical Camouflage.




Entrance to Archelon Fortress on Terminus Island





















Inside to Archelon Fortress on Terminus Island




















Transmitter at Archelon Fortress on Terminus Island


















Archelon Fortress
The Leasath Navy reaches land, where they open the electric power transmitter gate, allowing Gryphus 1 to destroy the Fenrir Optical Camouflage. They proceed to the fortress and withdraw when it is close to exploding.







OBJECT


Years ago, when I became aware of the hydropower installation at Terror Lake, on Kodiak Island, I realized, as if all of a sudden, that the kind of anthropology I was carrying out, that I had been carrying out was quite naive. There I was, interviewing people who lived for the most part, in what I was romanticizing as rural poor conditions. And yet, they did have access to electricity. I was using electricity to interview them, hang out with them, talk to them. Without electricity, my interviews would cease.

But all the while, it never occurred to me to think about this peculiar relationship between on the one hand, my romanticized rural poor lifestyle that I was so interested in, and the fact, that especially this lifestyle, was connected to and supported by a powerful scientific-technocratic form that was sitting nearby silently, humming away, in the center of the island. It was only until I flew over it, and saw what spectacle that was there, in the physical form, that I asked: Who put this here? And if this exists, then what is going on here, in the center of the island, that no one seems to have a clue about, living around the perimiter, but for whom everyone is totally dependent upon– this ultra ultra modern techno-scientific form?

This connection between, on the one hand, (self) ignorance of the conditions that support ambient energy, and on the other hand, the actual conditions that create the sense that ambient energy is just that, ambient without actual conditions, came as something of a surprise.

In Islands of Inland Empire, I want to examine this curious aspect of islands whose physical core has been refashioned into a highly technological and scientific form, and whose functioning depends upon the presence of scientists and technocrats, who do not seem to be affiliated with a university or any established network of knowledge. Everything appears to be operating on innovation that is self-enclosed and ideologically self-sufficient.

When does all this construction take place and by whom and who funds it all? Who are the architects, for example, that come up with these ideas? Terror Lake on Kodiak Island should have plenty of information associated with its development, while the other fantasy stories, probably have some explanation created or hinted at by authors, or subsequent speculators on these plots.
















Epilogue

Back in Berkeley, attending to my routine, beginning my day in a cafe with a latte and veggie bagel sandwich. In the midst of my now productive calm – I want to comment on the casual, friendly and emotional exchanges that are often silenced in my write-ups.

latte-bagel-blog

All this traveling, reading, speaking, exchanging of ideas — it’s emotions and often expressed in highly charged conversations among experts.

There’s no better person to write about on the topic of emotional exchanges than Dr. Walter Kuehnlein. Walter, if I may be so informal, was the official chair of the conference. He also has some brilliant stories about developing the Kashagan oil field in Kazakhstan along the Caspian Sea, where he is lead expert advisor on sea ice conditions for the 160 billion dollar oil production project.

Walter and I became friends after we arrived back from the reception taking place at the Norwegian Consulate General’s home on Tuesday evening (scroll down to see photos). We made a good impression on that evening. Both of us were invited to return to the hotel via the comforts of a big black SUV escorted by two staff of the Consulate General. Upon entering the hotel, Walter and I bee-lined for the bar and began having a few Crown Royal whiskies before moving on to a Laphroaig single malt scotch, in hommage to Walter’s investments in the Scottish distillery.

Well, from there, we began to spar over a variety of moral and specifically philosophical standpoints about our personal committments to purity versus practicality of aims. And this discussion raged on for several days, ending with a hug in the elevator as we departed for our separate destinations. In my opinion, Walter protests too much about the importance of being practical. In his opinion, I’m rather naive about a commitment to the ideal. Both of us, in our own way, make compromises we must live with. Walter is perhaps more self-burdened with those compromises and far more wealthy and successful than I am. For my part, I’m more self-righteous and selective about which compromises I will even admit to myself that I’m making, and of course, sitting here in a breakfast cafe wondering over my fate as a visiting prof. Meanwhile, Walter is back in Hamburg, probably brunching with an aide to Kazakhstan president Nursultan Nazarbayev.

I should mention, as an aside, that Walter tells great stories about the written agreements between oil companies and the government of Kazakhstan. For example, the companies were contractually bound to have certain developments in place by certain times. An off-shore rig, which was being put together in Louisianna, but not yet completed – had to be moved to the Caspian Sea to make a deadline, and with the remaining parts flown in from the U.S. on an order of one million dollars per flight — requiring 800 flights. Can you imagine? A one million dollar airline ticket? And to be involved in such massively expensive projects.

Here’s a list of persons with whom I shared a meaningful exchange during the past week on consultancy and arctic energy development (in alphabetical order) along with their links to internet websites of firms they represent (note to self):


Yannick BenedekTechnic
Troy Brown and Jimmy MaingotDrillTec
Cameron BodnarGovernment of Newfoundland and Labrado
Clare EdwardsKavik-Axys
Jim Kendall — Bureau of Ocean Energy Management- Dept. of Interior
Steven KopitsDouglas Westwood
Walter KuehnleinSea2ice
Gary Isaksen — ExxonMobil
Daniel LangesEmbassy of France
Consul General, Dr. Jostein and Sonia MykletunNorwegian Consul General
Gene PaviaUMIAQ
Wylie SpicerMcInnes Cooper
Eirik Torsvoll and Per Windingstad LarsenRoyal Norwegian Consulate General


It’s dry just to list names. But I need to get in the habit of doing so. And I should note from this list some of the international origins of participants. On the last day, Yannick Benedek (from France), along with Troy Brown (from Germany) and Jimmy Maingot (Trinidad) as well as Walter Kuehnlein (Hamburg) all joined together at the bar to discuss massive energy projects, Shtokman, Kashagan, and the relationships between French and German companies and Russian intel gathering. Troy has great stories of his Moscow office, concerning intel gathering.

From there, Walter and I met up with Steve and Sue Woolley (Spain) to have drinks along with Wylie Spicer (Canada) and Jim Kendell (Washington, D.C.). Again, Wylie gave an excellent talk on regulatory issues. He really was the consumate emotionally distanced lawyer– a lawyer’s lawyer, while Jim was always quite concerned, nervous in fact, with how his federal government would view his activities — and would not accept that we buy him a round of drinks, even for a glass of merlot. Emotions run wild among the professionals. But clearly yoked to the utility and restraint of their particular status and position…


Day Four — Friday and wrap up

Great few presentations on LNG and risk management. List of to do items on this conference:

  • Names and websites and where they intersect on arctic research;
  • Post slides from talks;
  • Comparison of this conference to others that I’ve attended over the past year. Clearly, smaller gatherings are excellent to form closer bonds with industry personell involved in projects.
Back to Berkeley



Day Three — Thursday

conference organizers...

That’s Steve and Sue Woolley, conference organizers celebrating after a successfully organized energy conference. They live in Spain, and manage everything out of IBC Energy in London. We all gathered in the bar after the thank yous and et ceteras. What did we talk about? I don’t even remember. It was hours ago already.

Here, I should like to thank Mark Nuttall for recommending to Sue that I present a talk. Mark was kind enough to send me his slides from last year, and that helped in thinking through my presentation.

To do list and notes to self:

  • international attendance: at one point in our discussion at the bar, I realized I was speaking to participants from Spain, Germany, Trinidad, Australia, France, Japan and Singapore
  • there was feedback on the Shtokman project with a few folks having competed on the intial requests early on
  • interesting stories from the Woolleys on conference management.

Dr. Walter Kuehnlein -- The Master Consultant

Daytime: Technical Day –ice conditions, off-shore pipeline development, electrical heat tracing, pipe-in-pipe, safe line system, etc. These technical presentations are above my head.


Day Two –Wednesday

Wrap up ideas: I first traveled to the Arctic years ago. Back then, I imagined that I had caught a glimmer of the last frontier experience. I was awestruck by the midnight sun resting along the horizon. While I could not kick salmon out of streams (as historically noted), I could still throw a line-and-hook in the water and snag a Chinook in the gills without much bother. I was captivated by rural life of Alaskans, and spent quality time with Alana and Jerry Tousignaunt, who I’d met while volunteering as an archaeologist near Road’s End, in Chiniak, on Kodiak Island, Alaska.

Alana and Jerry lived in a camper with a plywood lean-to expansion. They had no running water, an outhouse and fired up a sauna once a week to bathe. Jerry taught me how to hunt, using 20-odd seven rifle and I used to sleep soundly on the plywood floor of their lean-to — wrapped in a few blankets. Up until that time, I had spent much of my life in the urban centers of New York and San Francisco and in upper-middle class neighborhoods of the San Francisco Bay Area, my first experiences of Alaska were a reprieve from the obligatory expectations of upward mobility, consumption. I cherished the experience.

inside light

Now, I have another type of arctic experience, one that does not take place under the midnight sun but instead, under florescent lights inside office buildings and hotel lounges. Men are accustomed to wearing suits and ties, while women wear skirts and high heels. No one speaks about fishing or hunting, and everyone is totally focused on maps, charts, designs, graphics – of how the Arctic can be managed. It is, nevertheless, an arctic experience.


Noon: Quite frankly, I didn’t expect to get the positive reaction I ended up receiving. I thought my first presentation to industry would flop. I’m inclined to interpret success here not necessarily based on my coherence and brilliance, but as an example of a real and longstanding need for managing relationships between industry and northern communities. The problems of arctic development are not technical, but social and of course, technical by social means.

Folks were intrigued by my argument getting different groups on one plane, managing the challenges of dealing with different stakeholders through social technologies that provide a continuous flow of information by a third party not-for-fee-service. I even was able to announce that we’re working on a Global Gas Center at Berkeley. I provided an advertisement, just like the other experts. Panelists of the following discussion titled future of oil & gas exploration in the Arctic, constantly referred to my talk and my ego inflated proportionately.

I’ve decided to keep track of select persons who came up to me expressing interest in resolving issues through the type of discussion I provided. Both James Kendall, Regional Director of Alaska OCS Region, and Gary Isaksen, of ExxonMobil Exploration, expressed frustrations on how to manage and deliver a consistent message to community members in Alaska, and would be open to participating in brainstorming sessions for a Global Gas Center. Gene Pavia, of Umiaq (Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation) demonstrated a deep understanding of community frustrations with industry, ranging from fly-by community stops, where CEOs only come to villages for a few hours, to being inundated with details that are unmanageable. Gene expressed interest also in thinking through how to create stability and predictability on northern projects.

I was asked publicly by Cameron Bodnar, of the government of Newfoundland, whether Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports provide the similar kind of proposal I refer to in my talk. I replied flatly in the negative. I reminded the audience that nuclear was not developed by market demand, rural electrification was not developed on market demand. Both were government sponsored mega projects.  Moreover, EIA reports are market mechanisms, where decisions to build are already completed based on market decisions, and where public discussion is back-ended. Thus, all these issues need to be front-ended.

 

10:00am: Just completed my presentation. Phew. That was, uh, well, I’ll find out during break—Steven Kopits patted me saying it was excellent, and Dr. K. made some warm comments as I left the podium, so hopefully I was worth my passage. Norwegian Consulate Jostein Mukletun is up now talking about High North issues. Norway is increasing presence, R&D and $$ up in the High North. Norway is open to more stakeholder involvement in the Arctic Council.

Three key elements in Norway Strategy: climate change, strategic operations, relations with Russia. Arctic sea ice and climate is changing at alarming rate. Jostein invited Senators McCain and Clinton up to Spitsbergen. “Arctic offers front row seats in the global theater of climate change”. The government has established a Center for Ice Climate and Ecosystem at the Polar Center in Tromso and investing in research facilities in Svalbard. Border crossings- 140k between Russia and Norway in the arctic, when only a few years ago, there was 3000 crossing- they are developing a border passport when you live near the area.

8:30am: Presenting my first talk to the oil and gas industry in Houston, representing myself as an expert, just like the people that I usually study. Sue Woolley starting the meeting, “keep your badges on and watch your valuables – also plenty of time for mingling”. Sue is the organizer of the conference.

Dr. Walter Kuehnlien, managing director of Sea2Ice Ltd. takes over, begins his comments by stating, “so many distinguished experts here” – I’m actually sitting up at the front facing the audience — typing on my computer while this whole thing is ongoing. And I’m going to give my talk here in about 20 minutes.  This might be weird. Talking about social technologies in the middle of a Houston oil and gas industry audience. I’m a little nervous. Not panicked. But just wanting it to go back to my hotel room and watch tv. I always do this. Present some idea that is unproven and uncertain. Could be embarrassing. We’ll see.

Okay, back to Dr. Kuehnlien, he’s talking about the increases in demand of oil and gas, problems with nuclear power, etc. He has a vision about optimizing development. Mainly technical.

Next presentation. Steven Kopits. I’m after Steven. Ugh. Steven just got up to the podium. Looks confident. “Good morning everybody” – talking about macro issues. Begins with an advertisement for his firm, Douglas Westwood is a consulting firm – leads with market research, oil services and technologies, banks, etc. Begins his talk with Oil demand issues. China demand is up, everything is up, even better than government projections. Oil demand continued. Oil demand continued. Macro.

I have about 10 more minutes and then I’m up. Nervous. Did I mention I had a few whiskies at the bar last night while arguing with Dr. Kuhenlien over the importance of Polish film director Roman Polanski? This morning, I shook Dr. K’s hand with trepidation, and then we both burst out laughing. I was so passionate about my ideals and fate of creative projects. Ugh. A few more minutes. Ouch, Kopits is done.

Okay, Dr. K. just introduced me, here I go. Ahhhh!


7:30am: Went through a dress rehersal of my presentation this morning in my room. Walking through the lobby enroute to give up my power point presentation at the conference. Noticing all the bulls starting their day in suit and ties — walking matter and happy to be one of them. And in the middle of my measured confidence I was stopped dead in my tracks by a song coming over the airwaves. What was it? That haunting melody? And then I recalled. It was Yo La Tengo‘s Can’t Forget (Available here on YouTube) — I practically fell off my rails. I used to listen to Yo La Tengo’s tracks years ago in Japan while visiting Miruna Stanica, now a professor of English somewhere on the East Coast. I could just sit in the lobby and keep the tune on rewind, sipping a coffee and drift away — Here’s the first verse:

Seems like falling down
Or away, lost at sea
Or the one that’s left behind
Or away, of you and me
Maybe I know that
Maybe it’s better
But I can’t forget the time




Day One —

Reception: The Norwegians are so gracious! Especially in Houston! I was so lucky. I got to meet with Royal Norwegian Consulate General, Jostein Mukletun, Ph.D. and his gracious wife Sonia Mykletun, who has been running the Fulbright Scholarship for Norway for a couple years now. Who else was there at the reception. Well, everybody?

We had so many opportunities to say hello to each other. And on top of that, we even had time to do a pow wow on carbon sequestration, the future, coal, natural gas , and everything you can think of that has energy in its title. And even the Arctic. — Green Coal. That was the ironic insight we came up with. No longer Clean Coal but Green Coal. Imagine!

There is no better activity I can think of than that of an ethnographer paparazzi of the not-so-famous, and in this case, of the so many talented professionals working on oil and gas in the Arctic.


enroute to reception: I showered and left the hotel room for a glance around before heading off to the reception at the Norwegian Consulate. What did I witness? Higher end furnishings and a mall. Stores with food, steel wracks, clothing, people, starbucks, escalators, elevators, marble floors, brass railing, glass walls, air conditioning. Excitement. Fatigue. Restlessness. I remember such events from Arizona. The higher end mall always appears to me as an image of a feudal order. All the various non-mobility positions in place. The concierge is overheard attempting to manage hotel guests who are demanding that they be placed in executive suites. The candy store salesperson flatly refuses to be photographed by a tourist because of company policy. Arriving as I did from Elmwood in Berkeley, an intimate street with small worn-in shops, I had some difficulty adjusting my sight to the present surrounding.

hallways, beds, linens

coffee cups, cocktails, credit cards

air conditioning, gummy bears

2PM: I arrived into Houston and checked into the Westin Oaks Hotel at the Galleria. I forgot how toney this place is.

This is my first gig as an expert presenter to the oil and gas industry, so I’m going to document the entire affair…. I realized, upon arrival, that this venue was the previous location for the Cambridge Energy Week Executive conference, before they headed to the new Hilton, which I covered when I attended that affair last March. Here are a few photos of that meeting.

Okay, let’s start with a simple equation: How much does a 1/2 hour presentation by an fledgling expert (i.e., me) actually cost an organization? Well, RT airfaire ($326), three nights at the hotel ($299 x 3), RT cab fare to the Oakland airport from Berkeley ($85), RT cab fare to Houston airport ($100, but I opted for the shuttle so its $50). Of course, there’s a taxi to the reception this evening at the Norwegian Consulate in Houston, and then a few meals but I don’t eat much. So in the end, the cost to hear me babble is about $1358 in expenses. But we should add that I’m going to be observing the event and collecting data, and that under typical conditions, I would be required to pay for the entrance fee ($2698). Thus, the final tally comes to $4056.


Here’s my lecture for Wednesday —  Social Forms of Imagined Community in Arctic Gas Development


I’m going to take a shower, and start taking some photographs of the hotel. I’ll post those later this afternoon before I head to the reception, and then by late night, I’ll have the talking heads posted as well…

The Heart of Darkness Series: Troika of Heads



It has been nearly one year since we came across a short article in the New Yorker that refers to the sensibility of Andy Warhol‘s Brillo Boxes. The article is worth a read if you want to refamiliarize yourself with the trajectory of thinking by early theorists of the modern art scene and is available in the New Yorker archives, dated Jan. 11, 2010.  It rehearses older attempts to pin down the meaning of what (we think) Warhol was doing. In one explanation, the article refers to the art historian Betran Rouge, who distinguishes Warhol’s work by comparison to Marcel Duchamp. As you know, Duchamp’s innovation was to place an everyday object into an art gallery and thereby transform it into art.

Rouge states that Warhol departs from Duchamp precisely by Warhol’s imitation of Duchamp’s ready-mades. That is, Warhol creates an illusion of the real, with a fabrication of the everyday object (e.g., Brillo Boxes)– which he then purposefully placed into an art gallery. Set within the context of historical development, if you will, the everyday object, which Duchamp transformed into art by placing it into the art gallery, is then transformed by Warhol into an illusion of art, and thus, twists the illusion-reality barrier further.

Well what does all this have to do with our Heart of Darkness series, which we began in our previous post (see NSF Research.5 below)?

What the New Yorker article reminds its readers, is that Warhol’s work was usually sold piecemeal to collectors, and that it is easy to forget that virtually all of his art exhibitions were installations. That is, Warhol transformed the art gallery into a supermarket. He produced fabrications of everyday objects that, when placed into an art gallery, actually mimic the reality of the supermarket– which includes the reality of the art-market. After all, what difference does it make between shopping in the fruit section at Safeway or the magnets section at the local Museum. But this is where the New Yorker article leaves us hanging dry. The article concludes by suggesting that the meaning behind Warhol’s artwork was that fine art is a commodity. Rightly, the article acknowledges that the art-commodity link is by now a banal one.

But really this is not the point. What the New Yorker fails to describe, is that the supermarket is an art gallery, populated by objects that are produced by real artists, who have degrees in art design. Consider all the incredible artistic creations that one encounters while walking down the breakfast cereal aisle, with its colorful boxes of Fruitloops, etc. which would be nothing if they are not art objects, and that are available only at a fraction of the price for artistic prints. What Warhol was pointing out, was that these objects are at our disposal and yet, we’re throwing them away, as if these art objects are mere advertisements, and it is the contents inside that is of any significance. Incredibly, the only difference between the supermarket and the art gallery, is that in the art gallery, we have not yet arrived at that point that we tear off the painted canvas from the frame, in order so that we can use the wood.

Of course, this is a total reversal of Theodor Adorno‘s premise, when he criticized the liberal state as a sham, merely a front to allow commodity capitalism to intervene in the deepest recess of our desire. If we were to treat commonly all advertising for what it is, real art, who needs art galleries?

Anyway, let’s get to the point: What we want to draw attention to is the important idea that Warhol made available to us. He pointed out that (1) the illusion of the real, and; (2) the installation, are BOTH, the context in which we come to understand ourselves as residing in the factory of the sensible. No mere object stands on its own in isolation, but in fact, must be taken within its temporal and fruitloopy logical and spectral sequence. We live in a present made up of several temporalities, thanks to installation. Let’s take a look at this now in the context of the Troika of Heads mentioned in our previous post.

Internet Electronic Image--This is the Temporal Past. It is a beforehand image to the model image. It does have a future, its own future as having been taken before the model image

Framed Wall-Hung Photo -- This is the Temporal Present. It is a model image in the Spectral Present

Internet Electronic Image -- This is the Temporal Future. It is an afterward image to the model image. It does have a past, its own past as having been taken after the model image

















Okay, this is the first set of images, which you are familiar with from the previous post (see NSF Research.5 below). In that post, we explained how we displaced the materiality of the photograph (center) back into its infinite reproducibility context of the electronic images (left and right).

Now, take the three images as an installation of the everyday: First, they represent three individuals who are seen together as a group, symbolizing the formation of Shtokman Development AG, and; Second, the images reflect a constellation of time. As a serial temporality, they capture a beforehand and an afterward, along with a centrally posed, purposeful model image. As a spectral present, the three images were taken within minutes, perhaps within even seconds of each other. How do we know that the center image is the model image? Because it’s printed and framed!  It achieves a notional (abstract) temporal point, by securing the present from its own materiality (it is in a state of decay).

Let’s look now at the same sequence of images, but this time, having taken a few steps back from the wall-hung photo (center).

internet image

framed wall-hung photo

internet image











Okay, let’s look now at the same sequence of images, but this time, having taken even a Few More steps back from the wall-hung photo (center). From this perspective, we can include the actual physical context of the wall-hung photo, and in so doing, create now, a notional or abstract point of reference (the electronic image of the room), from what was earlier a geographical point of reference (a physical room located somewhere):

Internet Electronic Image

room of wall-framed photo

internet image










Again, please click on the middle photo to see that the wall-hung framed photo is there. It is there but it is also now here, in the middle of this press coverage installation. So now we have the full installation line up, as shown here: (left) the beforehand image, which is temporally taking place in front of  the model image, but is behind to it; (center) the model image, which exists in the spectral present, and whose materiality had been displaced; (right) the afterward image, which is temporally taking place after the model image, but is in front of it.


Let’s move now by focusing on the middle image, the spectral present.


You peer into a room:

room of wall-framed photo

It is a room with a wall framed photo with an image of three inseparable friends.

In front of the photo, you see a row of identically manufactured chairs. They are lined around a laminated rectangular boardroom table. The number of seats, sixteen in all (you do not count them), tells you suddenly that the room has been created for a particular kind of mutual exchange among persons of equivalence.

However you imagine entering into this room –as nobility, an aged or student — when you see yourself seated, you can imagine that you are besides someone of equal status. You are seated in a chair whose design and function promotes a law of equalivalence in status, size and manufacture.

Seen from this perspective, you begin to peer into the room backwards. Right from the beginning, you see that the floor was not laid, the walls not painted, the light fixtures not installed with the end result for individual reading or examination of conscience but instead, all has been laid out for a type of face-to-face group activity. You realize that you are witness to an intention whose purpose is to create a collective behavior and action, to promote, using an older language, a quality of the social.

But you continue to look because you notice something else, something more, in addition. The arrangement of the chairs themselves. They are pushed closely up to the table and their proximity to each other — flush, side-by-side — provides no  movement or natural sense of space for the limbs and the body. Looking closer, you begin to realize that what you see is a surplus of chairs, more than can be contained around the table, and in the last instance, there are chairs sitting on top of the table, making the table itself unusable, much like the arrangement of the chairs themselves. And all of this leaves you with a strange impression. It is a peculiar sight.

On the surface of things, at first glance, you are confronted with a table and chairs, and thus, an invitation to a face-to-face encounter that establishes a status of equivalence. But upon closer examination, you realize that this type of collective action cannot possibly take place. In the end, you see with your own eyes that you are in fact witness to an installation of equivalence, an illusion of the real, or rather, a type of real that is decorated with all the trimmings –cups and saucers, serving trays, etc. — to give the impression of a face-to-face exchange, but in fact, because of its arrangement, right from the beginning, you come now to realize that the floor is laid, the walls painted, the light fixtures installed with the end result precisely for individual examination of conscience.

The heart of darkness


framed wall-hung photo

Notice please, the inset image to the left. As you can plainly see, this inset image depicts a framed wall-hung photograph. The photograph, of course, when taken on its own is an image in itself. It consists of three men standing, facing the camera, holding hands together and posing in a stance that calls to mind the Three Musketeers, a 19th century novel written by Alexandre Dumas about three inseparable friends whose motto is “all for one, one for all” .

This particular image is unique because (1) it has been printed, and; (2) now appears encased in a frame as a photograph. But when stripped of its paper and wooden frame, the image is actually quite typical enough. For example, copies of this very image or variations on this image (taken during the same event), can be seen splattered across the internet. All that is required in order to view these electronic images is (1) access to a computer; (2) an internet connection; (3) google the words Shtokman AG, and; click the images tab. Directly below, we have pasted multiple variations of the framed wall-hung photo as they appear now on the internet.

Well, as you can see, these images consist of the same three men standing in the same positions. Their names, beginning on the far left is Christophe de Margerie, CEO of French oil group Total. In the middle is Alexei Miller, CEO of Russian gas giant Gazprom and, on the far right is Helge Lund, President and CEO of Norwegian oil group StatoilHydro.

The three executives are seen posing (and not posing) for a press conference which took place in Moscow on February 21, 2008, where they signed a shareholder agreement relating to the creation of Shtokman Development AG. Shtokman Development AG is the group formation that has plans to develop the off-shore Shtokman natural gas field, which is located on the Russian side of the Barents Sea, near the Norwegian border.

internet image

internet image 2

internet image 3













Of course, these four images shown above are not identical. Let’s begin to notice their differences by pretending we have arrived at the back pages of a tabloid magazine, where in the “for fun-section”, we are asked to compare and contrast what at first glance appears as two identical images. It is a simple test of the observation faculty.

Upon closer reflection then, playing along with this little game, we see many differences that appear, so to speak, on the surface of things. One can point to, for example, the difference in camera angles used in these images. There is also evidence of different moments during the press conference when the images are taken. Then, there are the unique stagings of the images, and the different posings, eye contacts with the camera, and exact timings of when these images were snapped.

Of course, they all appear to have been taken within a relatively short span of time, within say one hour, or perhaps even within 10 minutes, or maybe even across a timespan that can be measured in seconds.

In this last instance then, we can say, when taking the four images as a whole, that they comprise a group photo in two senses. First, they represent three individuals who are seen together as a group, symbolizing the formation of Shtokman Development AG. Second, when taken together, the images reflect a constellation of time, a certain specific temporality that captures a beforehand and an afterward, along with a centrally posed, perhaps one might say, purposeful model image.

And it is, in fact, this model image, that hangs as a wall-framed photograph. Let’s focus on the image in the strictest terms as a photograph. First, we notice that the photo exists technically, spatially, and aesthetically outside from these other electronic images. One might say, that while earlier, this framed photograph was an electronic image, circulating across the internet, now, by its very framing, it has both lost it sense of mobility, and, acquired a sense of real life materiality. And this materiality, of course, stands as a complete identity as understood by the concept of the photograph. Speaking frankly, as a photograph, and much like the men and their friendship it depicts, the image hanging on the wall will decay over time. It no longer can be reproduced or instead, has been reproduced for the final time, achieving its own sense of authenticity, against an internet world of infinite reproduction.

Ah-ha. You ask, what next? Well, we must confess to what we have just accomplished. Until now, until this exact moment, until the witness of this post, in fact– there was a special difference separating the wall-hanging photograph from the internet electronic images. A fact that just now has been overcome. To explain: there once existed a difference that denied the unity of these images. They were previously separated by, on the one hand, the physical materiality and self-enclosed authenticity (wall-hung photo), and on the other hand, the downloadability of their unfixity so to speak (internet electronic images)–

What we have accomplished in this post, just now, is to bring the wall-hung photo, for the first and perhaps only time (Ta-Dah!), side-by-side, into alignment along with the other electronic images that circulate across the internet. One might say, that by bringing the wall-hung photograph into the sphere of its circulating companion images, we plan now to displace it’s own present logic, that is, the current logic of its location and field of present positioning– into the sensibility (of its former location) as an image of infinite reproduction.

This is a long task. But let’s begin by taking a few steps back from the wall, to contemplate now, where the wall-hung image is physically located.  The wall-hung framed photograph can be found in this room here, seen in this photograph below:

framed wall-hung photo

Okay, that’s all good. Now let’s take even a few more steps back from the wall, to contemplate where the wall-hung image is physically located. It appears at the far end of a room. Please click the photo to enlarge the image to see for yourself.

room of wall-framed photo

This is not our room. Is it yours? Whose room is this then? That is, in which room has the circulating image taken on material form? In which room has this image been framed and hung, like a trophy of heads or troika of heads, hanging in the den?

Security of Expertise

In this posting, I want to make a few comments on the great deal of security and restriction surrounding participation at energy roundtable events, or when I attend meetings in the offices of industry personnel.

Bodyguard at Executive Roundtable in Houston

Certain forms of security can be transparent, such as the presence of police personnel, as this photograph from CERAWEEK 2010 in Houston shows on the right (click on photo to expand). CERA Week just moved their venue to the spectacular new Hilton (for years they were at the Westin Galleria).

We (in this posting, my then assistant Alex Karamanova and I) often encounter these bodyguards quite frequently, whenever we attend such events, especially if there are over a few dozen people attending. At this particular event, which takes place in Houston annually and gathers together all the most important industry leaders for a week-long discussion on energy trends, you typically can see anywhere from five to seven policemen wandering around in the main lobby area, with their fire-arms on display. These guys are pretty big. We personally would not want to mess around with them.

Bodyguards at Executive Roundtable in Houston

Another form of security is the turnstyle, which is often a part of the built in material framework of the entrance for corporate offices, but can also be temporary installations at the entrance of pavillions where, for example, at the St. Petersburg International Economic forum in Russia we encountered them all the time.

Turnstyle security is common, and found in many places across the world, we’re surprised not more is written about it. Typically, it is accompanied by a security personnel on duty, and depending on the building, the security personnel can be ominous or feminine.

Turnstyle Security at IHS in London

Turnstyle Security at Citibank in Moscow

Turnstyle Security at Shell in Moscow

Turnstyle Security at EconPory Consultants in Oslo

Turnstyle Security in St. Petersburg Economic Forum

Metal Scanners at St. Petersburg Economic Forum

The photos above depict some of the more obvious forms of securing the body in relationship to experts and expert knowledges. We use ourselves as decoys to take the photos since there are restrictions surrounding taking photographs of security. There are many more forms. Perhaps the third most ubiquitous form of security, behind the policeman and the barricade, is the identification badge. Everyone wears an identification badge. Such badges typically hang from landyards around the neck and are used not only to identify the names of clients, but also they typically have bar codes that can be used to access computers or enter into rooms where experts are giving presentations.

Security Badge with Barcode

Security Badge Barcode to Access Computer

Accessing Expert Roundtable Room Via Barcode Security

Did we mention yet what all this security is for? We will just mention at this moment that these places are pretty tony (exclusive, elegant), and security ensures that everyone present can relax in an elite sequestered environment where knowledge is a highly expensive, squestered commodity.

CERA week drinking fountain (bar) Houston

IHS lobby in London

CERAWeek Meet & Greet under the Chihuly

One way to think about security and sequestration is to consider it from the perspective of having a front-stage and back-stage. This idea was initially developed by Erving Goffman who suggested a person’s identity is continually shifting and based upon performance through roles and concensus between the actor and the audience as a kind of dramaturgical development.

We are also interested in these contexts through which actors take on various roles. In particular, we want to know the way these contexts are specifically orchestrated and become manifest so that actors, whether they be experts or clients of expertise, come to understand themselves, specifically on the basis of their expertise and non-expertise.

One way to approach this idea is to refer to the space where clients are specifically allowed to view, participate, and otherwise have access to expertise as the front-stage and also, to refer to the space where clients are forbidden from entering as the backstage. Moreover, in relation to this backstage, we could posit that spaces are further sequestered by certain rules which relate to what portion of an event a client has paid for. For example, on the photo above, the badge indicates TuesWed, meaning participation is paid up until the end of Wednesday). These sequestrations or perhaps, restrictions, could include also the given status of a particular participant (speaker, sponsor, journalist), or the position of a client within their own organization that accords them with certain priviliges and access to events, etc. There are many examples and variations. Of course, when taken from a public point of view, for example, say, the viewer of this site who is unfamiliar with such events, all industry access we typically encounter might be considered back-stagings, since these events require large payments in advance, formal invitations, elaborate vettings of identity, and so on.

Because we are in the process of writing a book about our experience with consultant expertise, and intend to include a chapter on security and the body, we will take some time here to elaborate on issues of front-stage/back-stage, as well as other observations we have made concerning where the body is positioned in relation to expert knowledge. It is a question: how does the body become positioned in relationship to (restrictions on) expert knowledge? Or rather, how does a body acquire identification by its relationship to experts and expertise?

Imagine, for a moment, the bronze and marble sculpture by Auguste Rodin called The Thinker. Well, the entire premise of this posture is that there is an appropriate position for carrying out the practice of thinking, for carrying out the activity of receiving knowledge, that is, how to possibly appropriately receive knowledge. In fact, The Thinker is an excellent example of the contemplation of modern knowledge which, as it turns out, requires its own specific bodily position (hunched over with chin on one’s fist). What a contrast to  kneeling with ones hands held together (as in contemplation of religious knowledge)!

We used to point out, in fact, during our undergraduate class discussions, that the position of The Thinker is typically the appropriate posture for acquiring knowledge by graduate students when speaking to their professors, while for undergraduates, typically, at least in the courses we have taught, the favored posture is slouching in the chair.

Helsinki Affair: We were in Helsinki recently (see posts on Aleksanteri) and asked by a fellow attendent at the conference to discuss the issue of security in relationship to expertise. Fortunately, a peculiar event took place just one day before that captured our attention in a way that we had never quite contemplated previously.

Typically, by way of background, academic conferences we have attended, which is to say, gatherings of expertly trained professionals working in the monastic realm of university social science research, there are few signs of security, apart from the identity badges hanging on landyards across the chests of attendees, and in fact, it is often difficult to acknowledge what constitutes a breach of security. Only two instances in our memory standout. In New Orleans this past week at the anthropology meetings, we were asked to wear our name tags by guards at the hotel, a first! Also, several years ago, while attending a 4S conference (science and technology), fellow-colleagues, at the senior level, who founded the organization, began checking attendees for their badges, and possibly even politely interrogating them about why they weren’t wearing their name tags. And this was because attendees were not paying their registration fees for the event, and the organization was worried about how to pay its bills! However, this is all petty memory, nothing more than to establish that security breaches are not typically on the mind of academics who gather to freely exchange their ideas.

But we want to recall this event that took place in Helsinki because it was so unusual in our mind. We had arrived early to the appointed floor where we planned to attend the opening ceremony, perhaps one hour earlier than the event. There, outside the plenary hall, a rectangular table was just setting up with three conference personnel laying out identity badges for participants, as well as glossy, quite elaborate in fact, brochure about the 3-day Aleksanteri conference.

While sitting on the side lines, we noticed a Finnish speaking woman, who entered into the reception area, and then proceeded to stand in front of the rectangular table, pausing for quite some time, without making much of a fuss, but at the same time, without providing any indication of what indeed she was intending to accomplish. We recall that her clothing was rather piecemeal, tattered, and, while not entirely shabby, we noticed that the dress did not reflect the style typical of the academic class of personnel meandering through university buildings, who were clad in codoroy’s, layered sweaters and scarves with matching color schemes.

Well, what happened next was peculiar. The unknown woman, who remained unnamed despite her subsequent capture and immediate release by conference personnel, actually grabbed a brochure, and began running away with it. And these acts, of deliberately grabbing and running, created an immediate sensation among the personnel at the reception, as if to say, that the product being abducted with, the brochure, was something of rare value, which in fact, while expensively produced, was hardly secretive, in that the information therein was readily available on the internet, and perhaps, quite possibly given the organization’s well funded reputation, had been produced with many extras beyond what was required by participants, so that any reasonable request for the brochure, which had now become some kind of sanctified treasure, would have resulted in a relatively mindless gesture of handing over a copy. But in fact, it was this act of deliberate theft on the part of the unknown woman, or instead, the staging of what could only be at that moment interpreted as theft, that a melee ensued, with the main conference administrator running down the hall way, yelling in English “stop that woman, stop that woman”!

Frankly, we couldn’t believe what we were watching, and at the same time, thoroughly reconized what we were observing. The unknown thief passed us, turned the corner and while attempting to gallop down the steps to another level, was immediately intercepted by some university personnel, who happened to be walking up the stairs, and when upon the immediate arrival of the conference administrator, who after wringing the brochure away from the woman’s hands, and then realizing that the entire situation itself was some how a reaction, or rather, an over reaction (to an impulse of the issues such as running, yelling, abducting), the event immediately in fact, ended, and all was quiet once again.

Well, in fact, the only unfortunateness associated to this event occurred during our discussion of the issue of security and expertise a day after, when with good intentions, we reawakened this peculiar moment to the conference administrators, because we were discussing the topic and had asked them of their impression of this occurrence, under the pretext of understanding in what context, actually, could knowledge surrounding such an open conference transform into delicate secrets that required security. To our dismay, the conference administrator in nervous bodily movements, began making repeated excuses for retrieving the brochure, assuring us that the entire situation was simply a strange misunderstanding. Our own repeated disclaimers failed to reassure that we were only discussing the issue as a rare example of the fact, that only under such strange mishaps as mentioned above does knowledge have restrictions at a social science conference. Well, this was a departure point for our discussion, and we certainly apologized to our hosts if the mere recollection of the chase scene disturbed their conscience. But here again, the notion that they would feel something untoward about their own actions, serves to emphasize the impractical nature and peculiar effect of exersizing some kind of priviliged authority over the circulation of academic knowledge in certain circumstances as just stated. This is a very different effect indeed, from the deliberate forms of security surrounding what we call the Hands Made of Putty effect.

Hands Made of Putty: whenever we shake hands with experts, especially those in their late 50s and older, we feel like we’re holding the hand of a baby. During earlier fieldwork in Alaska, when we were interested in rural villagers, we noticed how hard their hands were and with what zing they gripped us in handshakes (ow!). Typically, they received this strength from working many decades in the fishing industry where they constantly would be using their hands to turn a cold steel wench, pull an icy wet rope, throw a slimy salmon into a brailer, or whatever activity was required. We spent one summer in the Gulf of Alaska commercial salmon fishing, and we know that physical activity in these work environments is a habitus that is not quickly or easily acquired, but quite often, for persons working decades in these fields, it becomes durable. Among retired fishermen in their 80s, their handshakes were still quite strong and their hands were tough like metal.

And by the way, the reference to Alaskans is not oblique. Many of those client-expertise interactions we witnessed, at least in the formative part of our ethnography were precisely those between Alaskans who had worked for their state and emerged as local politicians striving to make decisions about resource development for which energy experts were required. So in fact, the hand shake was one of the more distinct interactions between expertise and clients of expertise which distinguished what an expert actually is (Dr. Putty Hands).

One thing that strikes us then, about some of the experts we deal with these days, is how fragile their body is physically. This soft cellular physicality, developed from years of typing or holding a coffee mug, could be brought to physical harm quite easily and great damage would result, precisely because of this fragility. This is a serious issue. Even giving an expert a strong handshake is tantamount to aggression and would raise eye-brows. This relationship of enforceing superiority over another person through the handshake by demonstrating physical prowess is strange indeed, and while it rarely occurs, it actually can take place. In those wierd instances where an expert is confronted with someone whose aim is to send a message that their inferior status as a intellectual producer could be compensated by the fact that they could handily beat the expert to a pulp is one possible scenario that experts really want to avoid. A good way to avoid this is always to have body guards immediately visible and present. (We might add parenthetically that debates over ideas along with a few drinks can result in various types of ripostes or duel-like banter and in certain circumstances, end in violent exchanges. It happens all the time in bars across the world. To ensure that these fragile bodies are not harmed, there needs to be visibly present, forms of personal security that can act at any moment.)

Variations on Participation: here, for future reference, we aim to discuss different roles that clients can take in participation at workshops and conferences. Journalists, speakers, former employees who have entered industry, academics, etc. all have different forms of access to front stage and back stage. We could begin with out own experiences…

Added-Values and Friendships: here, for future reference, we identify how sometimes friendships allow for possible access to events in ways that they would otherwise not happen, say, of the particular contract a company has with an organization may create opportunities for extra-contact with experts, called added-value discussions.

The Very Idea



































What response can I provide for the occasion of my Facebook image? It depicts the faces of two actors, Marion Cotillard and Leonardo di Caprio, as they appear in the motion picture Inception, directed by Christopher Nolan.

The movie is special for me because it provides a common framework for a set of experiences in which Ideal beings suddenly are so struck by some strong idea that it seems to crush them then and there, perhaps forever. They are passionate believers, but never strong enough to master the idea, and so their whole life afterwards is spent, citing a passage from Fydor Dostoevsky, in some “last writhings, as it were, under the stone that has fallen on them and already half crushed them”.

All of this concerns the following question: How does an idea occur to someone’s mind, and — an idea that must be correct, if one is to accomplish anything worthwhile?

The film director Nolan solves a puzzle put to us by sociologist Max Weber, who at the turn of the 20th century suggested that a correct idea is prepared only on the soil of very hard work. But we’ll deal with the theory later. Let’s examine the film’s fidelity to the authoritative image of a human being.

In the movie, a resolution of ideological quests to represent the ideal human being is presented through a set of images that focus on the Facial Iconic. The face — as icon – is presented to us as an idea-force, an idea-image. The movie begins with the facial iconic (protagonist), shown washed up on the shore of his subconscious. He is occupied by an idea-force and remains in a state of delirium, while continuing to pursue his goal by name, as displayed in the words shown at the bottom of the movie screen.


In fact, the facial iconic appears to us in several forms. The janus form, for example, is a direct result of the technique of film editing

Or, the janus appears to us in the form of the choreographic.




There are instances, when a third person, someone from the audience perhaps, is present in the film itself. We occupy a third person role, facing the facial iconic pure and simple. We appear standing directly behind the character, the intended addressee of the facial iconic. We hover over the architect (Ariadne), and always behind so that we may observe the full scene.

We stand at equal height with the characters. In one example, we respect the distance of elevator ettiquette. In this shot — the elevator scene, which occurs several times, the facial iconic and addressee are crowded in by millions of movie goers, who have flocked to the theater. Our presence violates the legal occupancy of the elevator. Thus, for Nolan, his audience is a violation which he brings into close proximity of the facial iconic, on the one hand, but will never fail to remind us, that we are in violation, by our own desire to become witness, as a crowd.

In all previous films of Nolan– the protagonist knocks-off his muse, whether from being suspect (The Following), duty (Batman), delirium (Momento), neglect (The Prestige), and in the present case, by suggestion. Thus, the very idea, according to Nolan requires a violence of solitude. There is a message here: without this strange intoxication for solitude, there is no calling for the idea — and that is what defines the iconic. For the rest of us, we should do something else. Nothing is worthy of person as person unless we can pursue the idea with passionate devotion, to allow the idea-force, to work its way through us. Thus, the audience, as such, by our inability to respect the sanctitude of isolation (crowded inside the elevator), we have no chance of approaching the idea, and must be content with our own distance from inspiration.









We also find ourselves lying down behind the addressee facing the facial iconic or in the kneeling position and even nearly reaching out, to make physical contact with the facial iconic, as seen.

In all cases, when we are present, and being addressed, in this intimate way, sharing the consciousness of the addressee, in the eyes of the facial iconic, we feel that we have participated in the development of the idea-force, or at the very least, become the object of attention for the facial iconic.









As the movie is about the idea, once released in the form of a dream– many times the facial iconic appears to us as a sleep scene.

We associate these images with the death mask. These scenes, of sleep and the death mask, also can be the sign of prayer.

All stances – eyes wide shut – refer to inner self-sufficiency and a self-enclosed ideology of solitude, reaching within oneself, the inner orientation toward understanding, versus the catharsis that is achieved through face-to-face communal interaction.


Of course, the facial iconic addresses each other, and finally, here we have a glimpse of what we hope to see in ourselves through the eyes of the other. But such instances are rare.









A final set of images, the moments when we step into the film ourselves as the identity of the facial iconic. We either send someone to another world, to their death. Or, we are waking the addressee out of stasis, as a negative enlightenment.

Looking back, Max Weber believed that the idea is a product of inspiration but which occurs only when the idea pleases, not when it pleases us. Weber cites scientists Ihering who describes the idea as coming to him, “when smoking a cigar on the sofa,” and Helmholtz of whom he states: “when taking a walk on a slowly ascending street”. Here, inspiration is beyond deliberative reach. It resists our direct will, but can, like a muse appear to us when it feels we are ready.

Here at StudioPolar, we like better the explanation provided by Nolan in his film, and described by movie director David Lynch (1999), who according to the New Yorker describes ideas as floating in the cosmos already, and in fact, what we require is nothing less than a factory built in advance, awaiting to capture ideas upon their descent. It is similar to, say, the way a snow flake will, upon entering our material world, either lose itself by melting away, or, given the correct apparatus, be translated into material form and, in such cases, show us its deliberative design. For directors Lynch and Nolan, it is not the correct idea that we require, but the correct form of capture and dissemination.

The two approaches presuppose a dualism between content and form. For the Weberians, the concern is matter or the what (content), whereas, for Lynchens and Nolans, it is manner or the how (form). Or as in the comically hystrionic statements by Stepan Trofimovich taken from Dostoevsky’s novel The Demons:

Oh my friends, you cannot imagine what sorrow and anger seize one’s whole soul when a great idea, which one has long and piously revered, is picked up by some bunglers and dragged into the street, to more fools like themselves, and one suddenly meets it in the flea market, unrecognizable, dirty, askew, absurdly presented, without proportion, without harmony, a toy for stupid children!














The Shtokman natural gas field located in the central part of the Russian Barents Sea shelf — the biggest offshore field of its kind. The “nearest city is Murmansk”.



















The future of the project as viewed from outer-space.

How far off the earth’s surface are these images representative? What is the actual scale of the infrastructure as it appears in these images?


Infrastructure here is an “Nth Wonder of the World” — seen from space, perhaps captured by a passing satellite or viewed from the cockpit of a “manned” spacecraft.




Images of the future of the Shtokman project seen from outer-space:















In this image of gigantic infrastructure, an enormous Russian flag and the largest tree on earth is seen.

















Below is a battle of the “wanna be’s” — towns along the Barents Sea shore, vying to be chosen for off-loading as depicted by their close proximity for developing the Shtokman field  – from the vantage point of outer-space.












































The actual image, alongside a platform of earth floating in space.
























Images of the Energy Future










No. 1 — History Paintings of the Future























Manifest Destiny










Alexis Rockman




































Images of a commissioned painting for the Brooklyn museum — artist Alexis Rockman depicts the New York City waterfront three thousand years from now. In this oil-on-wood panorama, by year 5011, global warming will have left Manhattan soaking in eighty-two feet of water the color of orange pekoe tea.

The painting is titled Manifest Destiny. It is a history of the future folded into the contemporary through a multilayered architectural plan of the waterfront’s projected future. Rockman calls his work “history paintings of the future.” His vision is a collaboration with scientists working at Goddard Institute for Space Science at Columbia University, which studies global climate change.

Rockman wants the painting to be as scientifically accurate as possible — the projected results of industrial revolution 3000 years into the future confronts the public with a visual display of reprecussions of current trends. If global warming is to truly command attention of politicians, its images will need to infiltrate popular culture.











No. 2 — The Articraft





























In fall 2000, Boston Energy Research Associates circulated the above graphic at their executive roundtable events. The graphic depicts an eight-year span of natural gas prices, both historical and projected, as they were understood during the fourth quarter of 2000.




Here is another example:


























As it was, the year 2000 referred neither to a bygone past nor to a speculative future. It was the temporal present and carried the weight of a self-evident fact. The weightiness of fact (temporal present) and prime location on the timeline (middle spot) gave the figure 2000 an attention grabbing significance. As such, the year 2000 allowed the human eye to enter into the crypto-symbolism of the graphic itself.




This graphic also from the year 2000 provides a visual into the expected planning stages for large pipeline construction project(s) “to bring both Alaskan and Mackenzie gas on-stream”. The image portrays a series of dates and events. It is a history lesson, not a history of the past, but a history of the future.







Unlike the orchestral feel of the first graphic, with its stratified harmony of points, like a modern symphonic production score, the second graphic represents itself as a melodic singular temporality, a Gregorian chant rhythmically punctuated by arrows like staccato emphases, along its way.











No. 3 — Back Casting






















































An image that appears in The New York Times shows Philip Watts, then senior executive of Shell oil, arriving on stage in a spaceship and an astronaut suit, delivering a message of optimism to 600 company executives.

He states, “I have seen the future and it was great”.

These remarks function as a rejoinder to accusations that Shell is pumping oil out of the ground faster than it can find new supplies. Oil reserves are an indicator of the future worth of an energy company. Accusations of a future of dwindling reserves undermine Shell’s profitability.

In his remarks, Watts regains control over the company’s worth by positioning uncertainties of the future as in the past, behind him. His language and dress perform a narrative in which he has already seen what oil reserves lie in the future by visiting there, through his spaceship.











No. 4 — Linear Movements

























Here — the commonly recognized trend line, the lines that guide our eyes from left to right in linear movement toward the energy future — in this case 2010 (the image was created in 2001).

From this, the center of our consciousness shifts from a concern with the safeguards of a concrete present to the indeterminacy of the future, they are expressions of an “open temporality” in which the past loses its power to determine the present.











No. 5 — Images of Energy Future’s Past…




Electricity production at the turn of the 20th century, in particular, its promotion at trade fairs in Berlin, Paris, San Francisco resulted in a multitude of futuristic images. At the time, electricity was primarily for lighting. An entirely new, expensive, trendy commodity distributed to upper-class urban districts and used to attract customers to art galleries, restaurants, financial concerns.

 

 

In these images of the energy future, however, what we see is emphasis on a neo-classical past. Flying cherubs, women wearing togas, men with wings.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The architecture of Doric columns and Pantheonic buildings. In these images, modern technology is grafted on to the mythology of the ancients—and oriented toward defining a timeless present. These are promotional images for electricity in Frankfurt, 1891 [the word electricitat]; for setting up lighting in Bavaria, Germany, where future technicians are cherubs; and at the San Francisco 1915 World Fair, where on display is the wealth of the nations and prosperity of future things—lighting here drenches neo-classical architecture.





















Some time ago now, in Moscow, we had breakfast with Citigroup energy analyst Alexander Korneev. The meeting was part of our effort to establish connections with financial analysts who determine market understandings and provide assessments of developing energy projects in Russia. Alexander creates assessments on the East Barents Sea offshore natural gas project called Shtokman, and we wanted to follow up with him on this topic.

It was also an opportunity for us — including Alexandra (Alex) Karamanova, seen in this image — to enter into the Citigroup Highrise located in downtown Moscow…
























Alexander K. is frequently quoted in the press as you can read here. He is a spokesperson for determining the financial health of Russian oil and gas companies. Alexander K. is listed also as a co-author on a number of Citigroup insight reports concerning the timing of development on the Shtokman offshore arctic natural gas project.

We couldn’t help noticing our route to the Citigroup Building, and we want to take a moment and set the stage for how we arrived at breakfast. We took the subway as far as Mayakovskaya station, and then began wandering around the neighborhood, looking for Ulitsa Gasheka 6 (Гашека ул.), the very address for the Citigroup building. It was difficult for us to get our bearing coming out of the subway and while wandering the neighborhood, we decided to play a guessing game about which building would be the Citigroup.



In fact, the Citigroup appeared to us as an Island of Inland Empire, rising out of an older neighborhood in the mode of a brand new office center, all to its own, like an island of financial exception.

The following image, by the way, captures the external world of the everyday life that surrounds Alexander K. The buildings are some of the objects of representation that serve as the dominant in structuring the images that Alexander K. (as a financial analyst) has of himself, including his ideological relationship to the world and the principle behind his aesthetic orientation of himself to his surroundings.
























For example, Alexander K. is aware that he holds an office in a building and that this awareness confronts him visually every morning upon his exit from the subway station. He is aware also that others can see this building as they leave the subway — as we do, for example, as we walk toward his building.

Thus, the field of vision belonging to Alexander K.– alongside and on the same plane with the self-consciousness he has of himself– also absorbs into it, the entire world of objects that surround him, and – in fact – the other fields of vision (e.g., us) who hold another point of view on the world, but whose point of view is now exposed to the visible reality of Alexander K’s world (e.g., the Citigroup Building we see from the subway station among other buildings).

One might say, following Mikhail Bahktin‘s description of the Hero in the novel of Fydor Doestoevsky, that: to the all-devouring consciousness of Alexander K., there is juxtaposed to this, a world of other consciousnesses that he encounters.  And he absorbs these other features and consciousnesses, which are rolled into his own material.

How does this occur? What consciousness will he now confront — Well, ours! and everything that we understand of him as we move through a set of visuals to visit him. What are these visuals that we absorb, and for which he will in turn be confronted with, which he already is aware of? Let’s look at the following visuals as expressions of power and distance:


Well, there’s the security turnstiles:







The visibility of titles of prestige:







Reception room of Alexander K. – notice the images posted on the wall…




“In power that may exist but is not visible in the appearance of the ruler the people do not believe. They must see in order to believe…. the most visible expression of this total focusing [on the] person and his elevation and distinction, is etiquette.” (Norbert Elias Court Society p. 118, emphasis added).

Here, what I want to draw attention to is the ritualistic visibility of the building itself, the titles of offices placed into the marble wall behind the security desk, the requirements for identifications badges to pass through the security turnstyles, what is important here, is: (1) objects within the field of vision and (2) the aesthetic distinction that this particular field of vision provides. As we move through this sequence, from (a) envisioning the building from the entrance of the subway, (b) the building’s visual amidst the neighborhood, (c) through security and recognizing the various company offices in proximity to Citigroup, (d) and finally arriving at Alexander’s reception desk, where we encounter, well, another set of visuals, about — buildings:


Images of power and history: A buiding within a building.





















Reminders of where you are:




















The image actually has a descriptive in Russian and English:















Notice in these photos that hang on the wall of Citigroup reception, what we become witness to is a visual on the historical power of Citigroup as an expression of a building, an actual building in the past, that is brought to us in the present, as a visual expression of the permanance of capital, metropolitanism (New York and Madrid) and expanse across territories (the fact that these images are in Moscow).


Oh boy, okay, where shall we go for breakfast?


Citigroup on one side:





























Eatery on the other:


















Audi parking in-between (compare with cars in previous gashenka street photo)

























Architectually, we have two new buildings that comprise this particular citiscape — from this perspective (which is the only perspective you see if you google Citigroup Moscow), what we find is a self-sufficient ideologically and structurally self-enclosed sphere.

What is required of us, is to leave the building, pass Starbucks, and enter into another entrance, that of a high-end eatery directly across this parking lot. No reference, assimilation or visual of the surrounding neighborhood.


Citigroup entrance:




















…passing Starbucks…




















Eatery entrance directly across from 6 Gasheka:

















We have entrances of steel and glass, clean streets, even pavement–what we have here is a type of interior, with the only exposure to Moscow being the sky. It is a pose, similar very much so, to that of the galleria of the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (as seen in this image, taken while visiting the Energy Czar, Dan Kammen).


–  But there, the exposure to finance as composed by the World Bank building itself — reaches its zenith. In that building, it is a private public square without any intereference from the city scape.












Okay, breakfast.




Buffet left, center and right




























Vanguard and Rearguard
Knowledge-making surrounding energy development in Russia today consists of two contrasting social groups: a rear-guard made up of an older generation of specialists whose structural position as managers of organizations such as Gazprom and the government ministries is based upon accumulated political capital, that is, their built-up personal connections throughout their career, and; a vanguard or alternatively labeled the Global Russians (Globalnye Ruskie) – a phrase adopted at the St. Petersburg Economic Forum this past June, to identify a younger generation of Russians educated in the West and who are now serving as experts in Moscow either in the capacity as energy analysts, journalists, etc. for western firms (e.g., Citibank), or for newly created government entrepreneurial incubation parks. This vanguard group is further characterized by their reliance upon American economic discourses concerning relationships between capital expenditures, transparent reporting, and returns on investment.

Business card in English

Business card in Russian


Alexander K. clearly belongs in the latter group of vanguards.











Paparazzi.Ethnography@berkeley.edu

























Some years ago now, a photograph identifying two men as Ed Small and Wilson Condon began circulating with frequency in Alaska newspapers, oil and gas journals, energy trade press and on internet sites promoting arctic natural gas development. Viewed on the computer screen, Small and Condon display an aesthetic alignment. Both men appear slightly hunched forward. They face the photographer at a three-quarter angle with their shoulders touching. The eyes of both men look sunken, aged and worn, yet their gazes are clear and point to a shared horizon that lay beyond visible reference. They carry a slight grin suggesting skepticism and restraint. The image is cropped just below their shoulders, making visible their suit jackets, starched white shirts and ties of paisley design. By decision of the photographer, Wilson Condon is slightly blurred leaving Ed Small in sharp focus, and thus, at the center of attention.

The photographer was David Harbor, a retired oil company lobbyist (ARCO) and tireless promoter of arctic energy development in Alaska. Ed Small is an energy market forecaster for Cambridge Energy Research Associates, a global consulting firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Wilson Condon was Commissioner of Alaska Department of Revenue, essentially a technocrat responsible for projecting financial outlook — what he called the state’s “fiscal health”. In one caption along side the photo, Small is “expert advisor” on the future of energy supply and markets and he provides the State of Alaska with strategy leading to construction of an Alaska natural gas pipeline.












































The photograph, in brief, depicts a relationship between a private consultant and a government official. It serves as partial evidence that the services of Ed Small, on behalf of Cambridge Energy, are crucial to the State of Alaska in its effort to monetize arctic energy reserves. In the photo, both consultant and official assume an undifferentiated space (political, aesthetic) that invites viewers to participate in a single shared interest on Alaska gas development. And by situating energy development in a conceptual space with “consultant expertise” the photo asks its audience to abstract Alaska gas from its strictly political and local context and to place it within the economic space of “market fundamentals”, in the language of global energy markets.



Let us now take a look at another image of Wilson Condon gazing off into the distance beyond visible reference:




























Unlike the first image, where Wilson Condon’s gaze represents an etiquette of alignment, in this image, what circulates among the Alaska public is a bored official not listening to the “words” of the Alaska Governor Tony Knowles (standing at the podium). It was well known among the press as well as high-ranking officials in the Knowles administration, that obedience to the governor provided marked rewards. Spatial metaphors such as inner sanctum, internal alignment and concentric circle were commonly used to identify one’s proximity in the hierarchy of closeness to the power-holder.

These same spatial metaphors were symbolic of the Knowles administration’s larger bureaucratic system, defining the limits of its autonomy and the particulars of duty. For example, to carry out policy, an official would first have to achieve internal alignment within the first concentric circle, which was also the inner sanctum, a space in which the governor’s immediate trusted cabinet resided. This practice was achieved by telephone conferences as well as email exchanges in which each member of the circle was included on all correspondence regardless of importance. Only when an agreement was reached on how to proceed could the official then move on to the next step and seek alignment in the second concentric circle — which consisted of Alaska’s legislative branch and various officials of state bureaucracies. The third concentric circle reflected representatives of the Alaska media and the fourth concentric circle—the Alaska public.




Alignment and Proximity




























At the time, the governor’s strategy on Alaska energy issues were spear-headed by two inner-circle political operatives: Will Condon, shown on the far right, and Pat Pourchot, Commissioner of Natural Resources, shown in the middle. In the State of Alaska, a commissioner is the head of a bureaucracy and a gubernatorial appointee. The actions of Condon and Porchot were bound both to institutional responsibility and to execute consciously the order of the elected power holder.

The biographies of Condon and Pat Pourchot relate to how the two men would come to interpret market analysis by experts like Ed Small, shown above. Their individual experience in politics, working knowledge of the petroleum industry, as well as their friendships with key persons in the Knowles administration, all contribute to the unique shaping of their inner attitude and outward appearance, including the direction of their commitments.

Condon, for example, is a Stanford University law graduate who served previously as Alaska’s attorney general, an appointee position under governor Jay Hammond’s administration two decades earlier. University of Alaska historian Stephen Haycox writes that Condon brings to the State of Alaska an “extraordinary level” of expertise on oil and gas litigation (Haycox 1998: 129). For the historian, Condon holds a reputation for organizing departments into “efficient, cohesive, ordered offices that are capable of resisting volatile changes in state government” (ibid.: 129).

Thus, in Alaska, the name Condon circulates with the aura of the expertly trained official. Condon’s work ethic is on display as favoring rationally created rules (“efficient, cohesive, ordered”). Equally visible is that these rules are durable (“capable of resisting change”).

By contrast Pourchot’s biography does not yet include an academic entry. A small consideration, perhaps, but given Pourchot’s extensive political experience in Alaska, the gap suggests a disinterest in his contribution. The historian Stephan Haycox, for example, does not write of Condon’s work, but in fact, celebrates his bureaucratic expertise (“extraordinary level” of competence) in a way that suggests a bias toward authority based on bureaucratic competence over political obedience.

Pourchot is obedient to elected power holders. His experience in Alaskan electoral politics runs deep, having previously served as an elected lawmaker in the state legislature. Within the Knowles administration, Pourchot was considered the most loyal and competent political operative. He and Knowles were tight since the days when Knowles was mayor of Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city, nearly a decade earlier. In fact, Pourchot was widely acknowledged as the governor’s personal favorite, a confidant. To observers inside and outside the administration, Pourchot was a member of the governor’s first concentric circle. His close proximity to the governor in the seating arrangements of meetings and dinner engagements provided the name Pourchot with its own special kind of aura: of possessing personal access to the governor (“he has the governor’s ear”).




Disparity of Alignment



























Thus, while Pourchot was a bureaucrat, in the sense that he functioned as a commissioner who expressed certain commitments toward the organizational identity of a state agency, his priority lay in his obedience to political alliances. Cambridge Energy forecasting would remain for him a type of political knowledge. By contrast, Condon, whose political service to the state included nonpoliticized institutional commitments, would possess a wider arc for retaining an ambivalent attitude toward forecasting knowledge.















Recently, I read a fabulously sentimental article in The New York Times about celebrated pianist, Harvey Van Cliburn‘s return to Moscow as Honorary Juror to the International Tchaikovsky Competition, which he won in 1958 during the Cold War, at a time when then Premier of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, was exploring the idea of peaceful coexistence with the United States.




Hotel Moscow




The article describes the outpouring of love still felt for Van Cliburn by Russians. Sitting in a coffee shop, reading the article, rubbing my eyes now filled with emotion, I suddenly had a Eureka Moment and breathed aloud, “Wait a spot – I know that place!”


Right there, in that exact location, where Van Cliburn is posing for international photographers — I happened to have taken a photo of Alexandra Karamanova, my then assistant on the first ever Paparazzi Ethnographic Tour last year of Russia — Moscow.



The View




Admittedly, Alex is no Van Cliburn. What I mean is that I don’t think, in fact, that she even plays the piano. Nevertheless, the opportunity allows us to think about and reflect upon for a moment, just what Van Cliburn actually saw when standing on that parapet, having his photo taken by the international press. Just what were the material surroundings determining his consciousness as he smiled for the camera?

Let’s take a tour!

First of all, Van Cliburn had to get up to the roof-top, and at 76 years old, he probably didn’t take the stairs. That means, he took the elevator. In which case, if he doesn’t suffer from vertigo, he would have noticed the atrium he was passing through, and the cleanliness of the windows.



The Elevator Scene




He may have been accompanied by a few select paparazzi taking photos of his reaction to this Moscow hotspot, in the way Alex has staged this photo, in anticipation of such a moment, when we would notice someone in the news having their photo taken in this building.

Van Cliburn probably went up there for lunch, choosing a seat near where the photo was taken, and perusing through the menu in a nonchalant manner, just as Alex has done so here in this image — in a staged effort of anticipation about what future stars could be doing in this very location. Van Cliburn cuts a trim figure, so he probably doesn’t eat much. Probably, he has a sweet tooth, and ordered ice cream. It’s actually quite warm in Moscow these days, so a little frozen confection soothes the nerves.



The Menu




Actually. Did I mention that this is the location of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, on Tverskaya Street 3-5, situated just 150 metres from Red Square, with “panoramic views from its rooftop across to the Kremlin, which is 400 metres away”?

In addition to international stars like Van Cliburn, the Ritz-Carlton is also a watering hole for observing the “Celebrity Lifestyles of the Carbon Rich and Not-So-Famous” (and, of course, their self-appointed paparazzi ethnographers!).

Well. Now you know the location. So you can do your own google search of images for the rest of the story. But I should mention, in final note, that from this particular location, in addition to the Kremlin, you can spot the Headquarters of various oil and gas companies in Moscow, including the Trade Tower in which we visited then President Bengt Hansen of Statoil, Moscow.



Statoil Boardroom, Moscow